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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25837/HAT.2019.51.80.003</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФИЗИОЛОГИИ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ. ГЕМОЛИЗ И ЭРИПТОЗ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FEATURES OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ERYTHROCYTES. HEMOLYSIS AND ERYPTOSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3468-6154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумакова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumakova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чумакова Светлана Петровна, д. м. н., доцент кафедры патофизиологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chumakovа Svetlana P., MD, аssociate рrofessor of the department of pathophysiology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chumakova_s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-8879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уразова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urazova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уразова Ольга Ивановна, д. м. н., профессор, член-кор. РАН, профессор кафедры патофизиологии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">urazova72@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-7264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зима</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zima</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зима Анастасия Павловна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры патофизиологии, ведущий научный сотрудник центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zima2302@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-8370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новицкий</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novitskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новицкий Вячеслав Викторович, д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН, Заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заведующий кафедрой патофизиологии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaf.pat.fiziolog@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>343</fpage><lpage>351</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чумакова С.П., Уразова О.И., Зима А.П., Новицкий В.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чумакова С.П., Уразова О.И., Зима А.П., Новицкий В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chumakova S.P., Urazova O.I., Zima A.P., Novitskiy V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/112">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/112</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель настоящего обзора литературы — осветить изменения внутриклеточной организации эритроидных клеток в ходе их созревания (формирование цитоскелета, поверхностных детерминант, энуклеация, миграция ретикулоцитов в кровоток) и охарактеризовать основные транскрипционные факторы, участвующие в реализации эритропоэтинового сигнала. Описаны особенности движения эритроцитов в потоке крови, их деформируемость, изменения формы и ионной проницаемости мембраны в зависимости от сектора кровеносного русла. Рассмотрены эритроцитарные факторы, способные модулировать тонус сосудов, гемостаз и активность воспаления, а также рецепторы и поверхностные детерминанты эритроцитов. Проанализированы механизмы и последствия внутрисосудистого и внутриклеточного гемолиза, молекулярные механизмы, индукторы и ингибиторы эриптоза, связанные с усилением эриптоза заболевания и принцип функционирования «селезеночного фильтра». Проанализирован 61 литературный источник, выявленный путем систематического поиска литературы в базе данных PubMed (Medline, PreMedline), научной электронной библиотеке (eLIBRAR.ru) и среди печатных изданий, вышедших с 1997 г. по май 2017 г.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article reviews the data on the changes of erythroid cells intracellular organization during maturation (including cytoskeleton and surface determinants formation, enucleation, and reticulocytes migration into the bloodstream), and primary transcription factors involved in the realization of erythropoietin signaling. The features of erythrocytes movement in the bloodstream; their deformability, form and membrane ion permeability variations depending on the bloodstream sector are described. The erythrocytic factors capable of modulating the vascular tonus, hemostasis, and inflammation degree, as well as the erythrocytes receptors and surface determinants are discussed. The mechanisms and consequences of intravascular and intracellular hemolysis; eryptosis molecular mechanisms, inductors and inhibitors; the pathologies associated with enhanced eryptosis and principle of «splenic filter» functioning are analyzed. 61 sources were analyzed, which were identified through systematic literature search in PubMed (Medline, PreMedline), scientific electronic library (eLIBRAR.ru) and among printed publications appeared from 1997 to May 2017.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эритроциты</kwd><kwd>эритропоэз</kwd><kwd>эритропоэтин</kwd><kwd>эриптоз</kwd><kwd>гемолиз</kwd><kwd>мембрана</kwd><kwd>поверхностные молекулы</kwd><kwd>деформируемость</kwd><kwd>ионный транспорт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>erythrocytes</kwd><kwd>erythropoiesis</kwd><kwd>erythropoietin</kwd><kwd>eryptosis</kwd><kwd>hemolysis</kwd><kwd>membrane</kwd><kwd>surface molecules</kwd><kwd>deformability</kwd><kwd>ion transport</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Патофизиология крови. 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