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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25837/HAT.2019.83.50.005</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИСТИННАЯ ПОЛИЦИТЕМИЯ У БОЛЬНЫХ ДЕТСКОГО И ПОДРОСТКОВОГО ВОЗРАСТА (АНАЛИЗ СЕМИ СЛУЧАЕВ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>POLYCYTHEMIA VERA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS (ANALYSIS OF SEVEN CASES)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-367X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершов</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershov</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ершов Николай Михайлович, врач-гематолог отделения стационара краткосрочного лечения</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">4268516@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-9018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаськова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaskova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаськова Марина Владимировна, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории цитогенетики и молекулярной генетики </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina.gaskova@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-3499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панферова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panferova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панферова Агнесса Владимировна, к. б. н, ст. н. с. лаборатории цитогенетики и молекулярной генетики</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.panfyorova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольшанская Юлия Вячеславовна, к. м. н., заведующая лабораторией цитогенетики и молекулярной генетики</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuliya.olshanskaya@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-610X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Углова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Playsunova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Углова Татьяна Алексеевна, к. м. н., заведующая лабораторией клинических исследований</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">druglova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-5626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uglova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калинина Ирина Игоревна, к. м. н., врач-гематолог отделения детской гематологии/онкологии</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">burbir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плясунова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плясунова Светлана Александровна, к.  м.  н., заведующая клинико-диагностической лабораторией</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plyasunova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масчан Алексей Александрович, д. м. н., профессор, член-кор. РАН, директор института гематологии, иммунологии и клеточных технологий</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amaschan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-1499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сметанина Наталия Сергеевна, д.  м.  н., профессор, заместитель директора института гематологии, иммунологии и клеточных технологий</p><p>профессор кафедры онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии педиатрического факультета </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya S. Smetanina, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, deputy director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliya.smetanina@fnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное учреждение «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Republic Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России; &#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; &#13;
N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of the Health of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>363</fpage><lpage>371</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ершов Н.М., Гаськова М.В., Панферова А.В., Ольшанская Ю.В., Углова Т.А., Калинина И.И., Плясунова С.А., Масчан А.А., Сметанина Н.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ершов Н.М., Гаськова М.В., Панферова А.В., Ольшанская Ю.В., Углова Т.А., Калинина И.И., Плясунова С.А., Масчан А.А., Сметанина Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ershov N.M., Gaskova M.V., Panferova A.V., Olshanskaya Y.V., Playsunova S.A., Uglova T.A., Kalinina I.I., Maschan A.A., Smetanina N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/114">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/114</self-uri><abstract><p>Хронические миелопролиферативные заболевания (ХМПЗ) представляют собой группу клональных гемопоэтических расстройств стволовых клеток, характеризующихся аберрантной пролиферацией одной или нескольких миелоидных линий. У больных моложе 20  лет ХМПЗ встречаются крайне редко, например, истинная полицитемия (ИП) — примерно 2 случая на 10 млн в год. Истинная распространенность ИП и стандарты терапии больных детского возраста не определены.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ выявленных случаев ИП у больных моложе 20 лет и создание алгоритма выбора терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 7 больных с ИП в возрасте до 18  лет (от 3  месяцев до 14  лет), из них 6  мальчиков и 1  девочка. Больным выполнялись общеклинические исследования, морфологическое, гистологическое, цитогенетическое, молекулярно-генетическое исследования костного мозга, ультразвуковые исследования органов брюшной полости и сосудов. Циторедуктивная терапия проводилась пегилированным интерфероном, а при отсутствии ответа — руксолитинибом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В дебюте заболевания у всех больных выявлена спленомегалия различной степени, общее количество лейкоцитов &gt;  10,0  × 109/л, количество ней трофилов 6,2—13,5  × 109/л, количество эритроцитов 5,6—8,9  × 1012/л, у 4  больных количество тромбоцитов было &gt; 1000 × 109/л (1103—3000 × 109/л). Случаев тромбоза или кровоточивости ни у кого отмечено не было. В 100% случаев выявлена мутация гена JAK2 (6 больных с мутацией JAK2V617F, 1 больной с мутацией в экзоне  12 гена JAK2 с.1613_1616delACAAinsT). Аллельная нагрузка в дебюте заболевания составляла 14—33% (n = 4) и 35—66% (n = 3). При терапии пегилированным интерфероном α-2a (peg-INF α-2a) полный ответ на терапию был достигнут в 2 случаях, частичный ответ — еще в 2 случаях, в одном из них терапия была прекращена в связи с выраженной токсичностью. Терапия второй линии (руксолитиниб) проводилась 3 больным у которых через 6 месяцев была достигнута частичная ремиссия (снижение гематокрита до менее 45% без кровопусканий). Переносимость руксолитиниба была удовлетворительной, каких-либо нежелательных явлений, требовавших снижения дозы или полной отмены, отмечено не было.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Учитывая крайнюю редкость ИП у больных моложе 18  лет, а также отсутствие результатов длительного наблюдения (исходы заболевания: частота прогрессии в острый миелоидный лейкоз или миелофиброз), необходимо продолжить сбор информации о больных с дебютом заболевания ранее 18  лет. У больных моложе 18 лет в качестве первой линии циторедуктивной терапии целесообразно использовать peg-INF  α-2a, при отсутствии ответа и/или в случае непереносимости препарата переходить на вторую линию терапии — руксолитиниб, при отсутствии ответа или прогрессии фиброза в костном мозге (MF2 и более) единственным методом, приводящим к излечению, является трансплантация аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders of stem cells characterized by aberrant proliferation of one or more myeloid lines. MPNs are extremely rare in patients younger than 20 years old, for example, polycythemia vera (PV) is about 2 cases per 10 million people per year. The true prevalence of PV and treatment standards for pediatric patients are not defined. The goal is to analyze the identified cases of polycythemia vera (PV) in patients younger than 20 years and create an algorithm for the choice of therapy.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The analysis of 7  patients with PV at the age under 18 years (3 months — 14 years), 6 of them are boys and 1 is girl. The patients underwent general clinical studies, morphological, histological, cytogenetic, molecular genetic studies of the bone marrow, ultrasound studies of the abdominal organs and vessels. Cytoreductive therapy was performed with pegylated interferon, and in the absence of a response — ruxolitinib.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the debut of the disease, splenomegaly of various degrees was detected in all patients, the total number of leukocytes (WBC) &gt; 10.0  × 109/L, the number of neutrophils 6.2—13.5  × 109/L, the number of red blood cells (RBC) 5.6—8.9 × 1012/L, in 4 patients — platelet count (PLT) &gt; 1000 ×109/L (1103—3000 × 109/L). No cases of throm bosis or bleeding were noted. In 100% of cases, a mutation was detected in the JAK2 gene (6 patients with the mutation JAK2V617F, 1 patient with a mutation in exon 12 of the JAK2 gene p.1613_1616delACAAinsT). The allelic load in the debut of the disease was 14—33% (n = 4) and 35—66% (n = 3). With pegylated interferon α2 (peg-INF α-2a) therapy, a full response to therapy was obtained in 2 cases, a partial response — in 2 cases, in one of them the therapy was discontinued due to pronounced toxicity. Second-line therapy (ruxolitinib) was performed in 3 patients and after 6 months partial remission was achieved in the form of a hematocrit decrease of less than 45% without bloodletting. The tolerability of ruxolitinib is satisfactory; no adverse events requiring dose reduction or complete withdrawal were noted.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Considering the extremely rare occurrence of PV in patients younger than 18  years of age, as well as the results of long-term follow-up (disease outcomes: frequency of progression in acute myeloid leukemia or myelofibrosis), it is necessary to continue collecting information on patients with debut of the disease earlier than 18 years. For patients younger than 18 years old, it is advisable to use peg-INF α-2a as the first line of cytoreductive therapy, in the absence of response and/or in case of intolerance to peg-INF α-2a, switch to the second line of therapy, ruxolitinib, in the absence of response or progression of bone marrow fibrosis (MF2 and more) it is necessary to consider the transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells as the only curative method.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>истинная полицитемия</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>пегилированный интерферон</kwd><kwd>руксолитиниб</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polycythemia vera</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>pegylated interferon</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Меликян АЛ, Суборцева ИН. 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