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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2021-66-4-480-498</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-316</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эссенциальная тромбоцитемия у детей и подростков — анализ 31 случая</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Essential thrombocythemia in children and adolescents — analysis of 31 cases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-367X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершов</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershov</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ершов Николай Михайлович, врач-гематолог отделения стационара краткосрочного лечения </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay M. Ershov, Hematologist at the Outpatient Department </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">4268516@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-9018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаськова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaskova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаськова Марина Владимировна, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории цитогенетики и молекулярной генетики </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Gaskova, Doctor of clinical and laboratory diagnostics at the Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Laboratory </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina.gaskova@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-2036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшонкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshonkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пшонкин Алексей Вадимович, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением стационара кратковременного лечения </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Pshonkin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Outpatient Department </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey.pshonkin@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольшанская Юлия Вячеславовна, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией цитогенетики и молекулярной генетики </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Olshanskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Laboratory </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yuliya.Olshanskaya@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-7435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конюхова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyukhova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конюхова Татьяна Владимировна, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики клинико-диагностической лаборатории </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Konyukhova, Doctor of clinical and laboratory diagnostics at the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatiana.konyuhova@fccho-mocsow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-2876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамов Дмитрий Сергеевич, врач-гистолог патологоанатомического отделения </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Abramov, Histologist at the Pathology Department </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.abramov@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-1223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левин Павел Александрович, ведущий специалист информационно- аналитического отдела </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Levin, Leading Researcher at the Information and Analytics Department </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.levin@fccho-mocsow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-2099</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полетаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poletaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полетаев Александр Владимирович, заведующий лабораторией клинического гемостаза </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Poletaev, Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Hemostasis </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandr.poletaev@fccho-mocsow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7534-3863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серегина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seregina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Серегина Елена Александровна, научный сотрудник лаборатории клинического гемостаза; научный сотрудник</p><p>117997, Москва; 119334, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Seregina, Research Assistant of the Laboratory of Clinical Hemostasis; Research Assistant</p><p>117997, Moscow; 119334, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena.seregina@fccho-mocsow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плясунова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plyasunova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плясунова Светлана Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая клинико-диагностической лабораторией </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Plyasunova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plyasunova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масчан Алексей Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор Института гематологии, иммунологии и клеточных технологий </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei A. Maschan, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding member of RAS, CEO of Institute of Hematology, Immunology and Cellular Technologies </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amaschan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-1499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сметанина Наталия Сергеевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора Института гематологии, иммунологии и клеточных технологий </p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya S. Smetanina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute of Hematology, Immunology and Cellular Technologies </p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliya.smetanina@fnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; &#13;
ФГБУН Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology;&#13;
Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>480</fpage><lpage>498</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ершов Н.М., Гаськова М.В., Пшонкин А.В., Ольшанская Ю.В., Конюхова Т.В., Абрамов Д.С., Левин П.А., Полетаев А.В., Серегина Е.А., Плясунова С.А., Масчан А.А., Сметанина Н.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ершов Н.М., Гаськова М.В., Пшонкин А.В., Ольшанская Ю.В., Конюхова Т.В., Абрамов Д.С., Левин П.А., Полетаев А.В., Серегина Е.А., Плясунова С.А., Масчан А.А., Сметанина Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ershov N.M., Gaskova M.V., Pshonkin A.V., Olshanskaya Y.V., Konyukhova T.V., Abramov D.S., Levin P.A., Poletaev A.V., Seregina E.A., Plyasunova S.A., Maschan A.A., Smetanina N.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/316">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/316</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Эссенциальная тромбоцитемия (ЭТ) является редким расстройством в детском возрасте. При этом заболевании наблюдается увеличение количества тромбоцитов в периферической крови, связанное с пролиферацией атипичных мегакариоцитов в костном мозге.</p><p>Цель — анализ клинических особенностей течения ЭТ и ответа на проводимую терапию у больных детского и подросткового возраста.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ течения ЭТ у 31 больного в возрасте до 21 года. Диагноз ЭТ устанавливали на основании критериев ВОЗ, включавших оценку клинических данных, лабораторные исследования (общеклинические исследования; морфологические, генетические, гистологические исследования костного мозга), инструментальные исследования и оценку ответа на лечение.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Средний возраст манифестации заболевания составил 9 лет 9 мес., медиана — 9 лет 6 мес. Органомегалия выявлена у 16 (52 %) больных, из них у 6 (37,5 %) — изолированная спленомегалия и у 6 (37,5 %) — гепатоспленомегалия. Кровоточивость была у 6 (19,4 %) больных с выраженным уменьшением ристоцетин кофакторной активности фактора фон Виллебранда (не более 15 %), тромбоцитозом (&gt; 2000 × 109/л). От нарушений микроциркуляции (головные боли, головокружения, мелалгии) страдали 12 (38,7 %) больных, у половины из них был тромбоцитоз 1000–2000 × 109/л, что соизмеримо с таковым у больных с бессимптомным течением заболевания. Тромбозы не были выявлены ни у одного из больных. Мутация JAK2V617F выявлена у 3 (9,7 %) больных, мутации гена CALR — у 9 (29,0 %), мутация гена MPL — у 1 (3,2 %) больного, у остальных 18 (58,1 %) больных отсутствовали повреждения типичных драйверных генов. У 1 (3,2 %) больного выявлена транслокация t(12;12). Полный или частичный ответ на однокомпонентную циторедуктивную терапию у больных молодого возраста составил 70–80 %. Частота полных ответов при проведении терапии анагрелидом и интерферонами была выше, чем при терапии гидроксикарбамидом (42,9 %, 47,4 % и 0 % соответственно). Гидроксикарбамид не использовали в первой линии терапии у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В  детской популяции больных ЭТ преобладала группа «тройных негативных», что затрудняло дифференциальную диагностику с вторичными тромбоцитозами. По сравнению со взрослой популяцией у детей риск кровоточивости выше, что обусловлено большим числом больных с экстремально выраженным тромбоцитозом. При развитии геморрагического синдрома, микроциркуляторных нарушений, не  отвечающих на  лечение антиагрегантами, рекомендуется в  качестве циторедуктивной терапии первой линии отдать предпочтение интерферону и  гидроксикарбамиду, а  не  анагрелиду, что обусловлено особенностями фармакокинетики и потенциальным риском прогрессии миелофиброза при применении анагрелида.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Essential thrombocythemia is an extremely rare disorder in childhood. This disease is characterized by a persistent increase in the peripheral blood platelet count, associated with a proliferation of atypical megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.</p><p>Aim — to analyze the clinical features of the course of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and the response to therapy in pediatric and adolescent patients</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Thirty-one patients with ET under the age of 21 years were analyzed. All patients were diagnosed with ET in accordance with WHO criteria on the basis of an examination, including assessment of clinical data, laboratory tests (general clinical tests; morphological, genetic, and histological examinations of bone marrow), instrumental studies, and an assessment of response to treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average age of disease onset was 9 years 9 months, with a median of 9 years 6 months. Organomegaly was recorded in 16 (52 %) patients, of whom 6 (37.5 %) had isolated splenomegaly and 6 (37.5 %) had hepatosplenomegaly. Bleeding was noted in 6 (19.4 %) patients with a deep decrease in vWF:RCo (no more than 15 %) and an extreme increase in platelets (PLT) (more than 2000 × 109 /L). Twelve (38.7 %) patients suffered from microcirculation disorders (headaches, dizziness, melalgia), half of them had a platelet count of 1000–2000 × 109 /L, which is comparable to asymptomatic patients. No thrombosis was registered in our group. The JAK2V617F mutation was detected in 3 (9.7 %) patients, a mutation in the CALR gene was found in 9 (29.0 %) of patients, there was a mutation in the MPL gene in one (3.2 %) patient, and in the remaining cases (18 (58.1 %) patients), there was no damage to typical driver genes. Translocation t(12;12) was revealed in 1 (3.2 %) patient. The response to one-component cytoreductive therapy (CR+PR) was found to be quite high in young patients and constituted about 70–80 %. The complete response rate (CR) was as follows, respectively: 42.9 % (3) — to anagrelide therapy (ANA), 47.4 % (9) — to interferon therapy (INF), and 0 % — to hydroxycarbamide (HU). However, HU was not used in the fi rst line of therapy for the children in our group.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In the pediatric population, ET patients are dominated by the group of “triple-negative” disease, which somewhat complicates the differential diagnosis with secondary thrombocytosis. Compared to the adult population, the risk of bleeding is higher for pediatric patients, which is associated with the large number of patients with extremely high levels of platelets. In the case of hemorrhagic syndrome development or microcirculatory disorders that cannot be stopped by taking antiplatelet agents, we recommend giving preference to INF and HU as fi rst-line therapy, due to the peculiarities of pharmacokinetics and the potential risk of progression of myelofi brosis during ANA therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эссенциальная тромбоцитемия</kwd><kwd>молодой возраст</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростковый возраст</kwd><kwd>активность фактора фон Виллебранда</kwd><kwd>хроническое миелопролиферативное заболевание</kwd><kwd>JAK2</kwd><kwd>MPL</kwd><kwd>CALR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>essential thrombocythemia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>young age</kwd><kwd>von Willebrand factor activity</kwd><kwd>chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms</kwd><kwd>JAK2</kwd><kwd>MPL</kwd><kwd>CALR</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Titmarsh G.J., Duncombe A.S., McMullin M.F., et al. 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