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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2022-67-2-172-180</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-360</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетическая верификация болезни Виллебранда тип 2N</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular and genetic verification of von Willebrand disease type 2N</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2479-2623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернецкая</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernetskaya</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернецкая Дарья Михайловна, научный сотрудник лаборатории генной инженерии</p><p>125167, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria M. Chernetskaya, Researcher, Laboratory of Genetic Engineering</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gnomicha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1890-4492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурин</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surin</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сурин Вадим Леонидович, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории генной инженерии</p><p>125167, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim L. Surin, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetic Engineering</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadsurin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-3948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саломашкина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salomashkina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саломашкина Валентина Валерьевна, ведущий специалист лаборатории генной инженерии</p><p>125167, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina V. Salomashkina, Researcher, Laboratory of Genetic Engineering</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prodoljenie-banketa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5752-8146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничникова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichnikova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пшеничникова Олеся Сергеевна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории генной инженерии</p><p>125167, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya S. Pshenichnikova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetic Engineering</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pshenichnikovaolesya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-7437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлева Елена Владимировна, кандидат медицинских наук, гематолог отдела коагулопатий</p><p>125167, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Yakovleva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Hematologist, Department of Coagulopathies</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hemophilia2012@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7074-0926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зозуля</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zozulya</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зозуля Надежда Ивановна, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая научно-консультативным отделом коагулопатий</p><p>125167, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda I. Zozulya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Hematologist, Head of the Department of Coagulopathy</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zozulya.n@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-9187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Судариков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sudarikov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Судариков Андрей Борисович, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной гематологии</p><p>125167, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey B. Sudarikov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Hematology</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dusha@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-5735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихачева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhacheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лихачева Елена Аркадьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-гематолог отдела коагулопатий</p><p>125167, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Likhacheva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Hematologist, Department of Coagulopathies</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">likhachyova.elena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8701-2754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабанова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabanova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабанова Елена Сергеевна, генетик, ассистент кафедры медицинской генетики</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Shabanova, Geneticist, Assistant of Department of Medical Genetics</p><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">le_shaja@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-1664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перина</surname><given-names>Ф. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perina</surname><given-names>F. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перина Фарида Галимовна, гематолог, Центр детской онкологии и гематологии</p><p>620149, Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Farida G. Perina, Hematologist, Sverdlovsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</p><p>620148, Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">perinafg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ Свердловской области «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sverdlovsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чернецкая Д.М., Сурин В.Л., Саломашкина В.В., Пшеничникова О.С., Яковлева Е.В., Зозуля Н.И., Судариков А.Б., Лихачева Е.А., Шабанова Е.С., Перина Ф.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чернецкая Д.М., Сурин В.Л., Саломашкина В.В., Пшеничникова О.С., Яковлева Е.В., Зозуля Н.И., Судариков А.Б., Лихачева Е.А., Шабанова Е.С., Перина Ф.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernetskaya D.M., Surin V.L., Salomashkina V.V., Pshenichnikova O.S., Yakovleva E.V., Zozulya N.I., Sudarikov A.B., Likhacheva E.A., Shabanova E.S., Perina F.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/360">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/360</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Болезнь Виллебранда (БВ) вызывается различными вариантами нарушения функции фактора фон Виллебранда (vWF), определяемыми патологическими изменениями в кодирующем его гене vWF. Особый интерес представляет тип 2N, характеризующийся близким к нормальному значением антигена vWF (vWF:Ag) при утрате им способности связываться с фактором VIII (FVIII) и отсутствием защиты последнего от протеолиза. За счет этого коагуляционная активность FVIII может быть низкой, что приводит к сходным фенотипическим проявлениям у больных с типом 2N БВ и гемофилией А.</p><p>Цель — выявление больных с типом 2N БВ на основании молекулярно-генетических методов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использованы данные из историй болезни больных БВ. Учитывали соотношение FVIII:C и vWF:AG, которое при 2N типе БВ должно быть меньше 0,7. Поиск патогенных вариаций проводили секвенированием экзонов и прилежащих к ним интронных областей гена vWF по методу Сэнгера. Поскольку наследование 2N типа БВ рецессивное, для диагноза требовалось найти два патогенных варианта.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По данным исследования параметров гемостаза (FVIII:C/vWF:Ag &lt; 0,7) были отобраны 3 больных, у которых предполагался диагноз «2N тип БВ». Проведен анализ показателей больного, у которого предполагался диагноз «гемофилия А», который, однако, не подтвердился при секвенировании гена F8. Во всех перечисленных случаях определение первичной структуры функционально значимых областей гена vWF позволило верифицировать диагноз БВ тип 2N. Одна больная (№ 4) была гомозиготна по патогенному варианту p.Arg854Gln (c.2561 G&gt;A). У больной № 3 была найдена гетерозиготная замена p.Arg816Trp (c.2446 C&gt;T), соответствующая типу 2N, и ранее не описанная инсерция c.2098_2099insG, вызывающая сдвиг рамки считывания. У больной № 1, выявленной по параметру (FVIII:C/vWF:Ag &lt; 0,7), и у больного № 2 с изначальным диагнозом «гемофилия А» было выявлено сочетание делеции c.2435delC и замены p.Thr791Met (c.2372 C&gt;T) в гетерозиготном состоянии. Генные варианты p.Thr791Met и p.Arg854Gln ассоциированы с типом 2N, а делеция c.2435delC приводит к дисфункциональности аллеля.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Молекулярные методы позволили диагностировать 2N тип БВ, дифференцируя его и от других типов БВ, и от гемофилии А.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is caused by von Willebrand factor (vWF) dysfunction resulting from pathogenic variants in the vWF gene coding the vWF protein. vWD type 2N is of particular interest, as it is characterized by almost normal vWF antigen level (Ag:vWF) and vWF loss of ability to bind FVIII and protect it from premature clearance, which leads to a low FVIII coagulation activity (FVIII:C). Therefore, the same phenotype occurs in patients with 2N type of vWD and hemophilia A.</p><p>Aim — to identify patients with 2N type vWD using molecular genetic methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Data from the medical histories of vWD patients were used. The major parameter in consideration was FVIII:C to vWF:Ag ratio, which is expected to be below 0.7 in type 2N of vWD. Pathogenic variants in exons and exon-intron junctions of the vWF gene were identified by Sanger sequencing. Due to recessive inheritance of type 2N, verification of the 2N vWD diagnosis required the identification of two pathogenic variants.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Three patients were considered as suffering from type 2N of vWD according to hemostasis parameters (FVIII:C/vWF:Ag &lt; 0.7). One patient with a preliminary hemophilia A diagnosis was included after sequencing of the F8 gene, which showed no alterations, so 2N type of vWD was suspected. In all cases, sequencing of the relevant functional regions of the vWF gene led to verification of vWD type 2N. One woman (patient # 4) had a homozygous pathogenic variant p.Arg854Gln (c.2561 G&gt;A) associated with type 2N vWD. One woman (patient # 3) was a compound heterozygote for the pathogenic variant p.Arg816Trp (c.2446 C&gt;T) associated with type 2N and a newly described insertion c.2098_2099insG, that leads to a frameshift. The woman with FVIII:C/vWF:Ag &lt; 0.7 (patient # 1) and the patient # 2 with preliminary hemophilia А diagnosis were both compound heterozygotes for the same combination of pathogenic variants — c.2435delC and p.Thr791Met (c.2372 C&gt;T). Pathogenic variant p.Thr791Met is associated with type 2N, while the deletion c.2435delC should lead to allele disabling.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Molecular methods allow more precise differentiation of type 2N from other types of vWD and hemophilia A.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>2N тип болезни Виллебранда</kwd><kwd>ген vWF</kwd><kwd>фактор фон Виллебранда</kwd><kwd>гемофилия А</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические методы</kwd><kwd>кровотечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>von Willebrand disease type 2N</kwd><kwd>vWF gene</kwd><kwd>von Willebrand factor</kwd><kwd>hemophilia A</kwd><kwd>molecular methods</kwd><kwd>bleeding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственных заданий РК № АААА-А18-118032290163-2 и РК № АААА-А21-121011290080-1.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was carried out within the framework of the state tasks РК № АААА-А18-118032290163-2 and РК № АААА-А21-121011290080-1.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berntorp E. 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