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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2022-67-2-240-260</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-365</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механизмы действия противоопухолевых иммуномодуляторов — от тератогенности к терапии множественной миеломы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanisms of action of immunomodulatory drugs — from teratogenicity to treatment of multiple myeloma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-8114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семочкин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semochkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семочкин Сергей Вячеславович, доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отделения высокодозной химиотерапии с блоком трансплантации костного мозга; профессор кафедры онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии</p><p>125284, Москва; 117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Semochkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher of the Department of High-dose Chemotherapy with Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit; Professor of the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiotherapy</p><p>125284, Moscow; 117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semochkin_sv@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>240</fpage><lpage>260</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семочкин С.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семочкин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semochkin S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/365">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/365</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Иммуномодулирующие препараты (immunomodulatory drugs, IMiDs) представляют собой класс химических производных талидомида, обладающих многочисленными иммуномодулирующими, антиангиогенными, противовоспалительными и цитостатическими эффектами при множественной миеломе (ММ).</p><p>Цель обзора — осветить историю вопроса открытия IMiDs и обсудить молекулярные механизмы их терапевтической активности.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные сведения</title><p>Основные сведения. В 2010 г., более чем через полвека после того, как немецкая компания «Chemie Grünenthal» начала клиническое применение талидомида, появилось первое понимание механизма действия этого препарата и его структурных производных. Исследователи из лаборатории Hiroshi Handa Токийского медицинского университета обнаружили, что непосредственной молекулярной мишенью талидомида является белок цереблон, выполняющий функцию субстратного рецептора ферментной системы CRL4CRBN Е3-лигазы. Последующие генерации противоопухолевых иммуномодуляторов (IMiDs) — леналидомид и помалидомид — обладают структурным сходством с талидомидом. Глутаримидное кольцо IMiDs встраивается в рецепторный карман цереблона. При этом вариабельная фталимидная часть препарата выступает из связывающего домена, меняя конфигурацию цереблона таким образом, что это позволяет ему взаимодействовать с белками (нео-субстратами), с которыми в физиологических условиях он не реагирует. Минимальные отличия в виде двух аминокислотных замен в структуре цереблона мыши и человека защищают грызунов от тератогенного действия талидомида. Впоследствии было установлено, что убиквитин-опосредованная деградация двух факторов транскрипции Ikaros и Aiolos лежит в основе противоопухолевой и иммуномодулирующей активности IMiDs, показавших уникальную клиническую эффективность в лечении множественной миеломы. Естественным продолжением успеха IMiDs стало создание серии терапевтических молекул (ибердомид и др.), относящихся к новому классу препаратов, получившему название CELMoDs (Cereblon E3 Ligase Modulating Drugs).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are a class of chemical derivatives of thalidomide with numerous immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cytostatic effects in multiple myeloma (MM).</p><p>Aim — to highlight the history of the discovery of IMiDs and discuss the molecular mechanisms of their therapeutic activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Basic information</title><p>Basic information. In 2010, more than half a century after the German company Chemie Grünenthal began the clinical use of thalidomide, the first understanding of the molecular mechanism of thalidomide and its structural derivatives appeared. Hiroshi Handa and colleagues from the Tokyo Medical University discovered that the drug thalidomide binds to the protein Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase. Subsequent generations of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) — lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are structurally like thalidomide. The glutarimide ring of IMiDs is inserted into the receptor pocket of the CRBN. In this case, the variable phthalimide part of the drug protrudes from the binding domain, changing the configuration of the CRBN in such a way that it allows it to interact with proteins (neosubstrates) with which it does not react under physiological conditions. It was later found that ubiquitin-mediated degradation of two transcription factors (Ikaros and Aiolos) underlies the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of IMiDs, which have shown unique clinical efficacy in the treatment of multiple myeloma. A natural continuation of the success of IMiDs was the creation of a series of therapeutic molecules (Iberdomide, etc.) belonging to a new class of drugs called CELMoDs (Cereblon E3 Ligase Modulating Drugs). The presented literature review is devoted to the history of the discovery of IMiDs and a discussion of the molecular mechanisms of their therapeutic activity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>множественная миелома</kwd><kwd>иммуномодуляторы</kwd><kwd>IMiDs</kwd><kwd>CELMoDs</kwd><kwd>тератогенность</kwd><kwd>талидомид</kwd><kwd>леналидомид</kwd><kwd>помалидомид</kwd><kwd>ибердомид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple myeloma</kwd><kwd>immunomodulatory drugs</kwd><kwd>IMiDs</kwd><kwd>CELM oDs</kwd><kwd>teratogenicity</kwd><kwd>thalidomide</kwd><kwd>lenalidomide</kwd><kwd>pomalidomide</kwd><kwd>iberdomide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семочкин С.В. Биологические основы применения иммуномодулирующих препаратов в лечении множественной миеломы. 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