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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2023-68-2-152-165</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты терапии рецидивов острого миелоидного лейкоза у детей и подростков, получавших терапию первой линии по протоколу «ОМЛ-ММ-2006»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Treatment results of children and adolescents with relapsed AML who were initially treated according to the AML-MM-2006 protocol</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-5626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калинина Ирина Игоревна, кандидат медицинских наук, гематолог отделения детской гематологии/онкологии</p><p>117198, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I Kalinina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Hematologist, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology</p><p>117198, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">burbir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-1530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Venyov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Венев Дмитрий Александрович, гематолог отделения детской гематологии/онкологии</p><p>117198, Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy A. Venyov, Hematologist, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology</p><p>117198, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitriy.venev@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-5395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горонкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goronkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горонкова Ольга Владимировна, гематолог отделения детской гематологии/онкологии</p><p>117198, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Goronkova, Hematologist, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology</p><p>117198, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.goronkova@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-8596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байдильдина</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baydildina</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байдильдина Дина Дамировна, кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель заведующего отделением, гематолог отделения детской гематологии/онкологии</p><p>117198, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina D. Baydildina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Hematologist, Deputy Head of the Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology</p><p>117198, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-9657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронин Кирилл Александрович, ведущий инженер информационно-аналитического отдела (группа статистики и анализа данных)</p><p>117198, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Voronin, Leading Engineer of the Information and Analytical Department (Statistics and Data Analysis Group)</p><p>117198, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масчан Михаил Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель генерального директора по научной работе</p><p>117198, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michael  A.  Maschan, Dr.  Sci.  (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director Generalfor Scientifi c Work</p><p>117198, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масчан Алексей Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, заместитель генерального директора по научно-клинической работе</p><p>117198, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei  A.  Maschan, Dr.  Sci.  (Med.), Professor, corresponding memberof the RAS, Deputy Director</p><p>117198, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства  здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калинина И.И., Венев Д.А., Горонкова О.В., Байдильдина Д.Д., Воронин К.А., Масчан М.А., Масчан А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калинина И.И., Венев Д.А., Горонкова О.В., Байдильдина Д.Д., Воронин К.А., Масчан М.А., Масчан А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinina I.I., Venyov D.A., Goronkova O.V., Baydildina D.D., Voronin K.A., Maschan M.A., Maschan A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/452">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/452</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Рецидивы острого миелоидного лейкоза (ОМЛ) развиваются у детей, получивших интенсивную химиотерапию и достигших первой полной ремиссии (ПР1). Излечение больных с рецидивом ОМЛ может быть достигнуто только после применения циторедуктивной химиотерапии с последующей трансплантацией аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК).</p><p>Цель — представить результаты лечения детей и подростков с рецидивами ОМЛ, инициально получавших терапию согласно протоколу «ОМЛ-ММ-2006».</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены дети с ОМЛ, у которых произошел рецидив после завершения лечения или при проведении терапии первой линии согласно протоколу «ОМЛ-MM-2006». За период наблюдения (медиана — 4,6 года) среди 187 больных, достигших ПР1, кумулятивная вероятность рецидива составила 40 %. Всего было зарегистрировано 68 рецидивов (ранних — 36, поздних — 26; со сменой фенотипа на острый лимфобластный лейкоз — 6). Четверо (6 %) больных с рецидивом ОМЛ инициально относились к группе стандартного (inv16, NPM1), 33 (54 %) — промежуточного риска рецидива ОМЛ и 25 (40 %) — высокого риска. Одиннадцать (18 %) больных были с CBF-лейкозами (inv16 — 3, t(8;21) — 8), 19 (31 %) — с реаранжировками 11q23 (гена KMT2A). Для индукции второй полной ремиссии (ПР2) у 41 (66 %) больного применяли флударабин, цитарабин и идарубицин — у 33 (80 %) или митоксантрон — у 8 (20 %) больных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У 30 (57 %) из 53 больных, получивших химиотерапию в качестве индукции второй ремиссии, была достигнута ПР2 (у 9 больных — при раннем, у 21 — при позднем рецидиве) после курсов химиотерапии. Двое больных умерли в течение 30 дней от начала химиотерапии; 21 больной оказался рефрактерным к химиотерапии. Алло-ТГСК после развития рецидива была выполнена у 51 (82 %) больного, в основном от гаплоидентичных доноров. В ПР2 алло-ТГСК проведена 25 больным, в статусе «активной болезни» — 26. Среди больных, которым была выполнена алло-ТГСК в ПР2, вероятность повторного рецидива составила 20 %, общая выживаемость (ОВ) — 80 %. Среди больных, которым была выполнена алло-ТГСК вне ПР2, вероятность достижения ПР2 составила 77 %, вероятность повторного рецидива — 50 %, ОВ — 58 %. Вероятность ОВ в группе в целом достигла 52 %. Наиболее значимыми прогностическими факторами неблагоприятного исхода были ранний рецидив, рефрактерное течение рецидива, M7 вариант ОМЛ, сложный кариотип и перестройки гена ETV6, комбинированный («костный мозг + поражение ЦНС + негемопоэтическая ткань») рецидив и рецидив после алло-ТГСК, выполненной в ПР1.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Почти половину больных с рецидивом ОМЛ возможно вылечить с помощью высокодозной химиотерапии и алло-ТГСК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) develops in children who received intensive chemotherapy and achieved the first complete remission (CR1). Only intensive anti-relapse chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may lead to cure.</p><p>Aim — to present the results of treatment of children with AML who relapsed after completion of treatment or while on therapy according to the AML-MM-2006 protocol.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included children with AML who relapsed after completion of treatment of the first-line therapy according to the AML-MM-2006 protocol. During the follow-up period (median — 4.6 years), 68 relapses were registered among 187 patients who reached CR1 (early — 36, late — 26; with a change of phenotype to ALL-6). The cumulative probability of relapse was 40 %. Four (6 %) patients with relapsed AML initially belonged to the group of standard, 33 (54 %) — of intermediate risk of relapse of AML and 25 (40 %) — to the group of high risk. Eleven (18 %) were patients with “CBF-leukemia”, 19 (31 %) — with rearrangements of the 11q23 (KMT2A gene). Fludarabine, high doses of cytarabine and idarubicin in 33 (80 %) or mitoxantrone in 8 (20 %) patients were used to induce the second complete remission (CR2) in 41 patients (66 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Out of 53 patients who received chemotherapy as a second induction therapy, CR2 was achieved in 30 patients (57 %) (in 9 — with early, in 21 — with late relapse) after chemotherapy courses; 2 patients died within 30 days of the start of CT; 21 patients were refractory to chemotherapy. HSCT after relapse was performed in 51 patients, mainly from a haploidentical donor. Twenty-five patients underwent HSCT in CR2, 26 — in the status of “active disease”. Among patients transplanted into CR2, the probability of relapse was 20 %, and the overall survival rate was 80 %. Among patients transplanted outside of CR2, the probability of achieving CR2 was 77 %, the probability of relapse was 50 % and overall survival (OS) 58 %. The probability of OS in the group as a whole reached 52 %. The most significant prognostic factors of an unfavorable outcome were early relapse, refractory course of relapse, M7 variant of AML, complex karyotype and rearrangements of the ETV6 gene, combined (“bone marrow + CNS damage + non-hematopoietic tissue”) relapse and relapse after HSCT performed in CR1.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. About 50 % of patients with relapses of AML can be cured with the help of high-dose chemotherapy and allo-HSCT.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>рецидив острого миелоидного лейкоза</kwd><kwd>терапия рецидива ОМЛ</kwd><kwd>протокол «ОМЛ-ММ-2006»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd><kwd>AML-MM-2006 protocol</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campana D., Pui C.H. Childhood leukemia. In: Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology: 5th ed. Saunders; 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campana D., Pui C.H. Childhood leukemia. In: Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology: 5th ed. 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