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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2022-68-4-472-484</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-488</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отдаленные результаты терапии хронического миелолейкоза: 20-летний анализ применения ингибиторов тирозинкиназ в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term results of therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: a 20-year analysis of the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5393-0816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шухов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shukhov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шухов Олег Александрович, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела диагностики и лечения гематологических заболеваний, начальник отдела анализа обеспечения лекарственными препаратами и обращения медицинских изделий в субъектах Российской Федерации</p><p>125167</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Shukhov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior researcher of the Department of Diagnostics and Treatment of Hematology Diseases, Head of Drug Supply and Medical Devices Analysis Department</p><p>125167</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shuhov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-0141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виноградова Ольга Юрьевна, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая Московским городским гематологическим центром, профессор кафедры онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии, главный научный сотрудник отдела кооперативных исследований в гематологии и онкологии у подростков и взрослых</p><p>125167</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Vinogradova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Moscow City Hematology Center, Professor of the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiation Therapy, Chief Researcher, Department of Cooperative Research in  Hematology and Oncology in Adolescents and Adults</p><p>125167</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgavinz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-1789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челышева</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chelysheva</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челышева Екатерина Юрьевна, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела диагностики и лечения гематологических заболеваний</p><p>125167</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yu. Chelysheva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Department of Diagnostics and Treatment of Hematology Diseases</p><p>125167</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denve@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-8316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быкова Анастасия Витальевна, гематолог научно-клинического отделения гематологии миелопролиферативных заболеваний</p><p>125167</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya V. Bykova, hematologist of the Scientifi c Clinical Department of Hematology of Myeloproliferative Disorders</p><p>125167</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivlutaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немченко</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemchenko</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Немченко Ирина Семёновна, кандидат медицинских наук, гематолог научно-клинического отделения гематологии миелопролиферативных заболеваний</p><p>125167</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Nemchenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), hematologist of the Scientifi c Clinical Department of Hematology of Myeloproliferative Disorders</p><p>125167</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isn1965@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-0445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazareva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазарева Ольга Вениаминовна, кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель управления регионального и межведомственного сотрудничества по профилю «гематология»</p><p>125167</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Lazareva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of regional and interdepartmental extension on the profile Hematology</p><p>125167</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazareva.o@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9947-2371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туркина</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turkina</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Туркина Анна Григорьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель научно-клинического отделения гематологии миелопролиферативных заболеваний</p><p>125167</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Turkina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Scientifi c Clinical Department of Hematology of Myeloproliferative Disorders</p><p>125167</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turkianna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева»; ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Hematology; S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital; Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology; Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>472</fpage><lpage>484</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шухов О.А., Виноградова О.Ю., Челышева Е.Ю., Быкова А.В., Немченко И.С., Лазарева О.В., Туркина А.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шухов О.А., Виноградова О.Ю., Челышева Е.Ю., Быкова А.В., Немченко И.С., Лазарева О.В., Туркина А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shukhov O.V., Vinogradova O.Y., Chelysheva E.Y., Bykova A.V., Nemchenko I.S., Lazareva O.V., Turkina A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/488">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/488</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В рамках программы «GIPAP» с 2001 по 2007 г. в ФГБУ «НМИЦ гематологии» Минздрава России была инициирована терапия иматинибом у 235 больных хроническим миелолейкозом (ХМЛ), у которых была хроническая фаза заболевания.Цель: изучить отдаленные результаты терапии больных ХМЛ, начинавших терапию иматинибом в рамках программы «GIPAP».Методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов терапии 235 больных ХМЛ, у которых была хроническая фаза (ХМЛ) на момент начала терапии иматинибом, получавших иматиниб в рамках программы «GIPAP» с 2001 по 2007 г. Протоколы терапии и мониторинга остаточной болезни в различные временные промежутки определялись актуальными на тот момент клиническими рекомендациями в условиях реальной клинической практики и возможностями региона проживания. Производили оценку общей выживаемости (ОВ) и выживаемости без смены терапии иматинибом, одно- и многофакторный анализ ОВ. Рассчитывали кумулятивную частоту достижения ответов, проводили анализ факторов, влиявших на достижение ответов, вероятность смерти от сопутствующих заболеваний и смерти от ХМЛ.Результаты. Медиана наблюдения за больными на момент проведения анализа составила 17,3 года (межквартильный интервал (МКИ) 15,5–18,5). Умерли 70 (30 %) больных, медиана времени до смерти от начала терапии — 7,8 лет (МКИ 3,7–13,6 лет). Показатели 10-, 15- и 20-летней ОВ составили 82, 74 и 62 % соответственно. Причиной смерти в 43 (61 %) случаях явилась прогрессия ХМЛ до фазы акселерации или бластного криза и смерть вне ремиссии по неуточненной причине, 27 (39 %) больных умерли от причин, не связанных с ХМЛ. При однофакторном анализе значимое влияние на выживаемость оказывали возраст больного на момент начала терапии иматинибом, длительность периода от установления диагноза до начала терапии иматинибом и группы риска по Sokal и ELTS в дебюте заболевания. При многофакторном анализе установлено независимое прогностическое значение для ОВ возраста на момент начала терапии иматинибом, длительности периода болезни до начала лечения иматинибом и группы риска по шкале ELTS в дебюте заболевания. Среди больных, умерших от прогрессии ХМЛ, доля больных, не достигших полного цитогенетического ответа (ПЦО) за весь период терапии до смерти, составила 83 %, в то время как среди больных, умерших от сопутствующих заболеваний, доля больных без ПЦО за весь период терапии составила 11 % (p &lt; 0,0001). Медиана длительности терапии иматинибом составила 11,4 года (МКИ 0,8–21 год). Умерли в процессе терапии иматинибом 40 больных, живы и продолжают терапию иматинибом 103 больных, 92 больных получали как минимум один ингибитор тирозинкиназ (ИТК) 2 поколения (ИТК2), из которых живы и продолжают лечение ИТК 62 больных. Не более 2 линий терапии ИТК получали 49 (21 %) больных, 3 и более линии были назначены 43 (18 %) больным. Медиана продолжительности терапии после переключения на ИТК2 составила 7,8 года (МКИ 0,1–15,6 года). Показатель 15-летней ОВ после переключения на ИТК2 составил 59 %. При терапии иматинибом за весь период наблюдения ПЦО был достигнут у 171 (73 %) больного, еще 18 (8 %) больных достигли ПЦО впервые после переключения на ИТК2. Большой молекулярный ответ и глубокий молекулярный ответ были достигнуты при терапии иматинибом у 129 (56 %) и 124 (53 %) больных, при терапии ИТК2 — у 38 (16 %) и 33 (14 %). При многофакторном анализе установлено независимое прогностическое значение только периода времени от диагноза до начала лечения иматинибом для достижения молекулярных ответов в процессе терапии ИТКЗаключение. Спустя 20 лет наблюдения за больными при терапии ИТК невозможно утверждать, что выживаемость при ХМЛ сопоставима с выживаемостью условно здоровой популяции. Редукция опухоли как минимум до уровня ПЦО явилась наиболее значимым суррогатным маркером, ассоциированным со снижением риска смерти от ХМЛ. Своевременная диагностика заболевания, быстрое начало таргетной терапии и максимально быстрая индукция цитогенетического и молекулярного ответов являются факторами снижения рисков резистентного течения и прогрессирования ХМЛ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. In Russia, within the framework of the GIPAP program, in the period from 2001 to 2007 at the National Medical Research Center for Hematology, imatinib therapy was initiated in 235 patients in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).Aim: to analyze the long-term results of therapy in patients with CML who started imatinib therapy as part of the GIPAP program.Methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of therapy was performed in 235 patients with СР CML, who received imatinib under the GIPAP program from 2001 to 2007 at the National Medical Research Center for Hematology. The protocols for therapy and monitoring of the residual disease of patients at various time intervals were determined by the clinical recommendations relevant at that time in the conditions of real clinical practice and the possibilities of the patient’s region of residence. Overall survival and survival without discontinuation of imatinib therapy, univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival were performed. The cumulative incidence of responses was calculated. An analysis of response factors, the probability of death from concomitant diseases and death from CML was carried out.Results. The median follow-up of living patients at the time of analysis was 17.3 years (IQR 15.5–18.5). 70 (30 %) patients died, with the median time to death from the start of therapy being 7.8 years (IQR 3.7–13.6). The overall 10-year, 15-year and 20-year survival rates were 82 %, 74 % and 62 %. The cause of death in 43 cases (61%) was the progression of CML to the phase of acceleration or blast crisis and death out of remission for an unspecifi ed cause. 27 (39%) patients died from causes not related to CML. Patient age at initiation of imatinib therapy, length of time from diagnosis to initiation of imatinib therapy, and Sokal and ELTS risk groups at disease onset were identifi ed as signifi cant for survival by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed independent predictive value for overall survival for age at initiation of imatinib therapy, length of illness before imatinib treatment, and ELTS risk group at disease onset. Among patients who died from CML progression, the proportion of patients who did not achieve CCyR for the entire period of therapy before death was 83% (35/42), while among patients who died from concomitant diseases, the proportion of patients without CCyR for the entire period of therapy was 11 % (p &lt; 0.0001). The median duration of imatinib therapy was 11.4 years (0.8–21 years). 40 people died during imatinib therapy, 103 patients are alive and continue therapy with imatinib, 92 patients received at least one second-generation of Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (TKI2), of which 62 people are alive and continue treatment with TKI. No more than two lines of TKI therapy were received by 49 (21 %) patients, and three or more lines were prescribed to 43 (18 %) patients. The median duration of therapy after switching to TKI2 was 7.8 years (0.1–15.6 years). Overall 15-year survival after switching to TKI2 was 59 %. On therapy with imatinib, during the entire observation period, complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) was achieved in 171 patients (73 %), another 18 patients (8 %) achieved CCyR for the fi rst time after switching to TKI2. Major (MMR) and deep molecular response (DMR) were achieved with imatinib in 129 (56 %) and 124 (53 %) patients, with TKI2 TKI2 therapy in 38 (16 %) and 33 (14 %) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed an independent predictive value of only the time period from diagnosis to the start of imatinib treatment for achieving molecular responses to TKI therapy.Conclusion. After 20 years of monitoring patients on TKI therapy, we still cannot say that survival in CML is comparable to the survival of normal population. Long-term follow-up confi rms the fact that tumor reduction to at least the level of CCyR is the most signifi cant surrogate marker associated with a reduced risk of death from CML. Timely diagnosis of the disease, rapid initiation of targeted therapy and the fastest possible induction of cytogenetic and molecular responses is a very important mechanism for reducing the risk of resistant course and progression of CML.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический миелолейкоз</kwd><kwd>отдаленные результаты терапии</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы тирозинкиназ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>long-term survival</kwd><kwd>GIPAP</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deininger M.W., Goldman J.M., Melo J.V. The molecular biology of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2000; 96(10): 3343–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deininger M.W., Goldman J.M., Melo J.V. The molecular biology of chronic myeloid leukemia. 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