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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/0234-5730-2017-62-1-9-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СПЕКТР И ЭТИОЛОГИЯ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ У БОЛЬНЫХ ОСТРЫМИ МИЕЛОИДНЫМИ ЛЕЙКОЗАМИ НА ЭТАПАХ ИНДУКЦИИ И КОНСОЛИДАЦИИ РЕМИССИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SPECTRUM AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTION COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA DURING INDUCTION AND CONSOLIDATION CHEMOTHERAPY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6195-4508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охмат</surname><given-names>В. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhmat</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125167, г. Москва</p><p>Researcher ID: M-7089-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 125167</p><p>Researcher ID: M-7089-2014 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973- 5763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клясова</surname><given-names>Г. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyasova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клясова Галина Александровна, доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующая научно-клинической лабораторией клинической бактериологии, микологии и антибиотической терапии ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» Минздрава России, 125167, г. Москва</p><p>Researcher ID: M-6329-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Klyasova Galina A., MD, PhD, DSc, prof., head of scientific clinical laboratory of clinical bacteriology, mycology and antibiotic therapy of National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, 126167</p><p>Researcher ID: M-6329-2014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klyasova.g@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-3566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паровичникова</surname><given-names>E. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parovichnikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-8947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троицкая</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troitskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-4155-7820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибанова</surname><given-names>E. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribanova</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 8725-5131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальчикова</surname><given-names>A. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malchikova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-5282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробова</surname><given-names>A. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125167, г. Москва</p><p>ResearcherID: M-6469-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 125167</p><p>ResearcherID: M-6469-2014 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 9308-9259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125167, г. Москва</p><p>ResearcherID: M-7110-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 125167</p><p>ResearcherID: M-7110-2014 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center for Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Охмат В.A., Клясова Г.A., Паровичникова E.Н., Троицкая В.В., Грибанова E.О., Мальчикова A.О., Коробова A.Г., Фролова И.Н., Савченко В.Г., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Охмат В.A., Клясова Г.A., Паровичникова E.Н., Троицкая В.В., Грибанова E.О., Мальчикова A.О., Коробова A.Г., Фролова И.Н., Савченко В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Okhmat V.A., Klyasova G.A., Parovichnikova E.N., Troitskaya V.V., Gribanova E.O., Malchikova A.O., Korobova A.G., Frolova I.N., Savchenko V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/52">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/52</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучить спектр и этиологию инфекционных осложнений у больных острыми миелоидными лейкозами (ОМЛ) на разных этапах химиотерапии. В проспективное исследование (2013–2015 гг.) было включено 66 больных впервые выявленными ОМЛ в возрасте 17–64 лет (медиана 39 лет), которым было проведено 208 курсов (94 курса индукции и 114 курса консолидации). Период наблюдения за больными составил 180 дней. Большинство больных (89%) были переведены из других стационаров и при поступлении находились в тяжелом состоянии: статус 3–4 балла по шкале ECOG был у 65% больных, гиперлейкоцитоз – у 33%, а тяжелые инфекционные осложнения (пневмония у 21%, инфекция мягких тканей у 17%) – у 38%. Среднее число эпизодов инфекции на одного больного составило 2,9 (1–4). Инфекции возникли в 93% курсах химиотерапии, из них в 98% в индукции и 93% в консолидации (ОШ 5,9; p = 0,01). Ведущим показанием к назначению антибиотиков была клинически доказанная инфекция (44%), реже выявляли лихорадку неясной этиологии (39%) и бактериемию (17%). В этиологии бактериемии грамотрицательные бактерии преобладали над грамположительными (53% против 47%). Ведущими возбудителями бактериемии были Escherichia coli (25%) и Streptococcus группы «viridans» (22%). Среди энтеробактерий (n = 12) продукция β-лактамаз расширенного спектра определялась у 42% изолятов. Частота инвазивных микозов (доказанный, вероятный, возможный) составила 23%. В структуре инвазивных микозов первую позицию занимал инвазивный аспергиллез (60%) с частотой 14% (в индукции 9%, в консолидации 6%). Таким образом, инфекционные осложнения преобладали в индукции и консолидации и были обусловлены как бактериями, так и грибами. В эру расширения диагностических возможностей среди показаний к назначению антибиотиков ведущей была клинически доказанная инфекция, далее следовала лихорадка неясной этиологии и микробиологически доказанная инфекция.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the spectrum and epidemiology of infectious complications in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Prospective study (2013–2015) included 66 patients with de novo AML (median age: from 39 (17–64) years. Patients received 208 chemotherapy courses (94 inductions, 114 consolidations). Patients were followed up for 180 days. Most patients were admitted from other hospitals (89%). On admission hyperleukocytosis was revealed in 33% of patients, ECOG score 3–4 points had 65% of patients, 38% of patients had severe infections, including pneumonia (21%) and cellulitis (17%). The mean number of febrile neutropenic episodes (FNE) per patient was 2.9 (1–4). FNE occurred in 93% of chemotherapy courses (98% of induction chemotherapy and 93% of consolidation chemotherapy; OR = 5.9; p = 0.01). The majority of FNE were attributable to clinically documented infections (44%), followed by fever of unknown origin (39%) and bloodstream infection (BSI) (17%). Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 53% and 47% of BSI pathogens, consequently. Most prevalent BSI isolates were Escherichia coli (25%) and Streptococcus viridans (22%). Among Enterobacteriacae (n = 12) the production of β-lactamases of the extended spectrum was detected in 42% of positive isolates. Invasive mycoses (IM) were in 23% of patients. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) was the most frequent (60% of all invasive mycoses) (14% in the induction – 9%, 6% in the consolidation). Thus, infection complications were dominated both in the induction and consolidation and were caused by bacteria and fungi.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фебрильная нейтропения</kwd><kwd>острый лейкоз</kwd><kwd>бактериемия</kwd><kwd>инвазивный микоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>febrile neutropenia</kwd><kwd>acute leukemia</kwd><kwd>bloodstream infection</kwd><kwd>invasive mycoses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rolston K.V.I., Raad I., Whimbey E., Bodey G.P. The changing spectrum of bacterial infections in febrile neutropenic patients. In: Klastersky J.A., eds. Febrile Neutropenia. Berlin: Springer; 1997: 53–6. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-60443-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rolston K.V.I., Raad I., Whimbey E., Bodey G.P. The changing spectrum of bacterial infections in febrile neutropenic patients. 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