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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2024-69-4-410-422</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-591</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиология, клинические проявления и профилактика перианальной инфекции у больных опухолевыми заболеваниями системы крови</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiology, clinical manifestations and prevention of perianal infection in patients with hematological malignancies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-8433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штыркова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtyrkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Штыркова Светлана Витальевна, кандидат медицинских наук, колопроктолог хирургического отделения </p><p>125167, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Shtyrkova, Cand. Sci. (Med.) Сoloproctologist, Department ofSurgery</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sv-styrkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-598X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чабаева</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Сhabaeva</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чабаева Юлия Александровна, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического отдела</p><p>125167, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Chabaeva, Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Senior Researcher, Information andAnalysis Department</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chabaeva.y@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-7570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликов Сергей Михайлович, кандидат технических наук, начальник  информационно-аналитического отдела </p><p>125167, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey M. Kulikov, Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Head of the Information and Analysis Department</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulikov.s@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3662-9751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данишян</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danishian</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данишян Карен Исмаилович, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий хирургическим отделением</p><p>125167, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karen I. Danishyan, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Surgery</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danishyan.k@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-3566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паровичникова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parovichnikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паровичникова Елена Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, генеральный директор</p><p>125167, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Parovichnikova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), CEO</p><p>125167, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenap@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>410</fpage><lpage>422</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Штыркова С.В., Чабаева Ю.А., Куликов С.М., Данишян К.И., Паровичникова Е.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Штыркова С.В., Чабаева Ю.А., Куликов С.М., Данишян К.И., Паровичникова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shtyrkova S.V., Сhabaeva Y.A., Kulikov S.M., Danishian K.I., Parovichnikova E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/591">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/591</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Перианальная инфекция (ПИ) при опухолевых заболеваниях системы крови (ОЗСК) характеризуется широким спектром возбудителей, разнообразием клинических проявлений и механизмов развития инфекционного процесса.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить патогенетические механизмы развития ПИ у больных ОЗСК и разработать тактику профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное исследование включены 132 больных ОЗСК, у которых была ПИ. Инфекционный процесс в  параректальной клетчатке регистрировали на  основании данных клинического осмотра или магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ). Регистрировали также «входные ворота» инфекции и результаты микробиологических исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены два механизма развития ПИ, частота регистрации которых статистически достоверно отличалась в зависимости от наличия нейтропении (p &lt; 0,0001, отношение шансов 24,42 95 % доверительный интервал 9,82–60,74). При ПИ в период нейтропении у 75 % больных инфицирование было обусловлено проникновением микроорганизмов через тканевые барьеры: анальные трещины были «входными воротами» инфекции в 62,9 %; язвы и эрозии кожи перианальной области — в 12,1 %. Криптогландулярный механизм регистрировали у 66,7 % больных без нейтропении, он был представлен вовлечением крипт анального канала (28,6 %) или наличием параректальных свищей (38,1 %). Клинические проявления ПИ были ассоциированы с количеством лейкоцитов (p &lt; 0,0001) и механизмом инфицирования (p &lt; 0,0001). Медиана количества лейкоцитов у  больных с  абсцессами была больше, чем при инфильтратах и некрозах (соответственно, 2,12×109/л, 0,57×109/л и 0,74×109/л). Основным источником инфицирования при формировании инфильтратов были анальные трещины (70,4 %), в  то  время как при абсцессах  — крипты анального канала (39 %) и  параректальные свищи (36 %). Возбудителями ПИ были Escherichia coli (43 %), Klebsiella spp. (15 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4,4 %), энтерококки (12,5 %). P. aeruginosa выделяли чаще при некрозах, чем при других клинических формах ПИ (22 % против 3–5 %, p = 0,0033). Частота выявления других бактерий не зависела от клинических проявлений ПИ. ПИ явилась микробиологически доказанным источником сепсиса в 9,5 % случаев. Вероятность развития инфекций кровотока была максимальной на сроке 5 дней и была значимо выше у больных с нейтропенией (10 % против 2 %, р = 0,0044).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Механизмы инфицирования параректальной клетчатки необходимо учитывать при формировании стратегии профилактики ПИ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Perianal infection (PI) in patients with hematological malignancies is characterized by a wide spectrum of pathogens and a variety of clinical manifestations and mechanisms of development of the infectious process.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of PI development in patients with hematological malignancies and to develop prevention tactics.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The prospective study included 132 patients with hematological malignancies who had episodes of PI. The infectious process in the pararectal fi ber was registered based on the data of clinical examination or magnetic resonance imaging. Sources of infection and microbiologic results were studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Two main mechanisms of PI development were revealed, the frequency of which was statistically significantly different depending on the presence of neutropenia (p &lt; 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 24.42 (confidence interval (CI) 95% [9.82–60.74]). In PI episodes that developed against the background of neutropenia, the predominant mechanism of infection was the penetration of microorganisms through broken tissue barriers (75 %): anal fissures were the entry gate of infection in 62.9 % of episodes; perianal ulcers and skin erosions — in 12.1 %. The alternative route of infection (cryptogladular mechanism) was registered in the majority of patients without neutropenia (66.7 %) and was represented by the involvement of crypts of the anal canal (28.6 %) or the presence of pararectal fistulas (38.1 %). Clinical manifestations of PI were associated with leukocyte count (p &lt; 0.0001) and mechanism of infection (p &lt; 0.0001). The median leukocyte count in patients with abscesses (2.12×109 /L) was statistically significantly higher than in infiltrates (0.57×109 /L) and necrosis (0.74×109 /L). The main source of infection in infiltrates was anal fissures (70.4 %), while in abscesses the main sources of infection were crypts of the anal canal (39 %) and pararectal fistulas (36 %). The main causative agents of PI were Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli (43 %), Klebsiella spp. (15 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.4 %)), and Enterococci (12.5 %). P. aeruginosa was isolated more often in necrosis (22 %) than in other clinical forms of PI (3–5 %) (p = 0.0033), while the frequency of detection of other bacteria was independent of the clinical manifestations of PI. PI was a microbiologically proven source of sepsis in 9.5 % of PI episodes. The probability of PI-associated bloodstream infections was highest at 5 days and was significantly higher in patients with neutropenia (10 % vs 2 %) (p = 0.0044).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Different mechanisms of pararectal cell infection should be taken into account when forming a strategy for the prevention of PI.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый парапроктит</kwd><kwd>перианальная инфекция</kwd><kwd>абсцесс</kwd><kwd>острый лейкоз</kwd><kwd>нейтропения</kwd><kwd>опухоли системы крови</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perianal abscess</kwd><kwd>perianal infection</kwd><kwd>abscess</kwd><kwd>leukemia</kwd><kwd>neutropenia</kwd><kwd>blood system tumors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study had no sponsorship.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orhan B., Özkalemkaş F., Özkocaman V., et al. 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