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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2025-70-2-174-188</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-634</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности генерации тромбина у больных с тромботической микроангиопатией критических состояний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thrombin generation in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy in critical illnesses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-4762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купряшов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupryashov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Купряшов Алексей Анатольевич - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом патологических состояний системы крови в кардиохирургии.</p><p>121552, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. Kupryashov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Pathological Conditions of the Blood System in Cardiac Surgery.</p><p>121552, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kupriashov2007@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-1803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токмакова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokmakova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Токмакова Ксения Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук старший научный сотрудник отдела патологических состояний системы крови в кардиохирургии.</p><p>121552, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia A. Tokmakova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of the Department of Pathological Conditions of the Blood System in Cardiac Surgery.</p><p>121552, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katokmakova@bakulev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-4116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самуилова</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samuilova</surname><given-names>D. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самуилова Дания Шавкетовна - доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела патологических состояний системы крови в кардиохирургии.</p><p>121552, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniya Sh. Samuilova - Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Researcher of the Department of Pathological Conditions of the Blood System in Cardiac Surgery.</p><p>121552, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.samuilova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-4628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жемарина</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhemarina</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жемарина Ирина Борисовна - врач клинико-диагностической лаборатории № 1 отделения трансфузиологии.</p><p>121552, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina B. Zhemarina - physician of the Clinical Diagnostic Laborator.</p><p>121552, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ibzhemarina@bakulev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6081-643X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хичева</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khicheva</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хичева Галина Анатольевна - кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отдела патологических состояний системы крови в кардиохирургии.</p><p>121552, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina А. Khicheva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher, Dept. of Pathological Conditions of the Blood System in Cardiac Surgery.</p><p>121552, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gakhicheva@bakulev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-4809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайдаров</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaidarov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайдаров Голиб Абдукабирович - младший научный сотрудник отдела патологических состояний системы крови в кардиохирургии.</p><p>121552, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Golib A. Khaidarov - Junior Researcher, Department of Pathological Conditions of the Blood System in Cardiac Surgery.</p><p>121552, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gakhaydarov@bakulev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии имени А.Н. Бакулева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bakoulev`s Center for Cardiovascular Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Купряшов А.А., Токмакова К.А., Самуилова Д.Ш., Жемарина И.Б., Хичева Г.А., Хайдаров Г.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Купряшов А.А., Токмакова К.А., Самуилова Д.Ш., Жемарина И.Б., Хичева Г.А., Хайдаров Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kupryashov A.A., Tokmakova K.A., Samuilova D.S., Zhemarina I.B., Khicheva G.A., Khaidarov G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/634">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/634</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Развитие тромботической микроангиопатии критических состояний — синдрома, подобного тромботической тромбоцитопенической пурпуре (ТТП-подобный синдром), — рассматривается с позиций дисбаланса в системе фактора Виллебранда — ADAMTS13, при этом мало изучены коагуляционные нарушения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить динамику образования фибринового сгустка и генерации тромбина у больных с ТТП-подобным синдромом, а также сопоставить их с активацией/повреждением эндотелия, активностью естественных антикоагулянтов и комплемента.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное обсервационное когортное исследование включены 76 больных, перенесших хирургическое лечение порока сердца, у которых течение послеоперационного периода осложнилось ТТПподобным синдромом. Критерии включения больных в исследование: полиорганная недостаточность, тромбоцитопения &lt;100×109/л через 3 суток после операции, шистоцитоз &gt;1 %. Образование фибрина и генерацию тромбина оценивали тестом «Тромбодинамика», определяли концентрации естественных антикоагулянтов, маркеры эндотелиального повреждения, активность компонентов системы комплемента.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Летальность составила 40,8 % (31 больной). В результате анализа трех моделей установлено: 1) генерация тромбина определяется активностью системы комплемента; 2) увеличение концентрации естественных антикоагулянтов, прежде всего тромбомодулина, угнетает генерацию тромбина на активаторе и распространение волны его активации; 3) концентрация антикоагулянтов зависит от глубины повреждения эндотелия, начинающегося с десквамации его гликокаликса (отражается в повышении плазменной концентрации синдекана-1 и гепарансульфата) и заканчивающегося разрушением межклеточных контактов и некрозом эндотелиоцитов с высвобождением PECAM и VE-кадгерина; 4) эндотелиопатия обуславливает активацию и потребление тромбоцитов, а также гипоксию тканей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ТТП-подобный синдром характеризуется угнетением генерации тромбина, степень которого зависит от глубины повреждения эндотелия. Это обусловлено активацией систем естественных антикоагулянтов. Устойчивость эндотелия к мембран-атакующему комплексу снижается по мере увеличения десквамации его гликокаликса, что сопровождается углублением разрушения эндотелия. Параллельно происходит комплемент-опосредованная активация тромбоцитов. Повреждение эндотелия, развитие артериальных микротромбозов, несмотря на низкую генерацию тромбина, приводят к нарастанию гипоксического повреждения органов, ухудшению результатов лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The development of thrombotic microangiopathy of critical illnesses (TTP-like syndrome) is traditionally considered from the standpoint of imbalance in the von Willebrand factor system — ADAMTS-13, while coagulation disorders remain poorly studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to study the dynamics of fibrin clot formation and thrombin generation in patients with TTP-like syndrome, as well as their relationship with the severity of endothelial activation/damage, the activity of natural anticoagulant systems and complement systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective observational cohort study included 76 patients who underwent surgical treatment for heart disease and developed TTP-like syndrome as a postoperative complication. Inclusion criteria: multiple organ failure, thrombocytopenia &lt;100×109/l three days after surgery, schistocytosis &gt;1%. The dynamics of fibrin formation and thrombin generation were assessed using the Thrombodynamics test; concentrations of natural anticoagulants, markers of endothelial damage, and the activity of complement system components were also evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The mortality rate was 40.8% (31 patients). The analysis of three models revealed: 1) the complement system determines thrombin generation; 2) an increase in the concentration of natural anticoagulants, primarily thrombomodulin, inhibits the generation of thrombin on the activator and the propagation of its activation wave; 3) the degree of endothelial damage, starting with desquamation of the glycocalyx (reflected in an increase in plasma concentrations of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate) and ending with the destruction of intercellular contacts and necrosis of endothelial cells with the release of PECAM и VE-cadherin; 4) endotheliopathy leads to platelet activation and consumption, as well as tissue hypoxia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. TTP-like syndrome is characterized by inhibition of thrombin generation, the degree of which depends on the severity of endothelial damage. This is due to the activation of natural anticoagulant systems. Desquamation of the endothelial glycocalyx reduces its resistance to the terminal complement complex which increases endothelial damage. In parallel, complement-mediated activation of platelets occurs. Deep endothelial damage, as well as the development of arterial microthrombosis, despite low thrombin generation, lead to an increase in hypoxic organ damage and poorer treatment outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ТТП-подобный синдром</kwd><kwd>повреждение эндотелия</kwd><kwd>тромбоцитопения</kwd><kwd>тромботическая микроангиопатия</kwd><kwd>генерация тромбина</kwd><kwd>комплемент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>TTP-like syndrome</kwd><kwd>endothelial damage</kwd><kwd>thrombocytopenia</kwd><kwd>thrombotic microangiopathy</kwd><kwd>thrombin generation</kwd><kwd>complement</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках прикладного научного исследования «Разработка и внедрение персонифицированных алгоритмов периоперационного ведения больных с патологией системы крови с целью повышения безопасности кардиохирургического лечения»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of applied scientiﬁ c research «Development and implementation of personalized algorithms of perioperative management of patients with blood system pathology in order to improve the safety of cardiac surgical treatment»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang J.C. 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