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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2025-70-2-229-244</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-638</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром высвобождения цитокинов после терапии Т-клетками с химерным антигенным рецептором: патофизиология, клинические проявления и новые подходы к лечению</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cytokine release syndrome following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and novel therapeutic approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4056-050X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепик</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepik</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лепик Кирилл Викторович - кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отдела биотехнологий НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill V. Lepik - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Biotechnology Department, R. M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation.</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lepikkv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2743-5438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дергачева</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dergacheva</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дергачева Татьяна Юрьевна - директор департамента по медицинской поддержке онкологических продуктов Медицинской дирекции АО «Р-Фарм».</p><p>123154, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana Yu. Dergacheva - Director of the Department for Medical Support of Oncology Products, Medical Directorate.</p><p>123154, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dergacheva@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-5495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Марина Олеговна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры гематологии трансфузиологии и трансплантологии с курсом детской онкологии.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina O. Popova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Hematology, Transfusiology and Transplantology with the Course of Pediatric Oncology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education named after Professor B. V. Afanasyev.</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina.popova.spb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9298-7521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрианов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrianov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрианов Андрей Николаевич - кандидат медицинских наук, научный советник научной группы исследований в онкологии отдела медицинской документации департамента доклинической и клинической разработки медицинской дирекции АО «Р-Фарм».</p><p>123154, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Andrianov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Scientiﬁ c Advisor, Medical Documentation Division, Department of Preclinical and Clinical Development, Medical Directorate.</p><p>123154, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">an.andrianov@rpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-1623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонов</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самсонов Михаил Юрьевич - кандидат медицинских наук, медицинский директор медицинской дирекции АО «Р-Фарм».123154, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Samsonov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief Medical Ofﬁcer, Medical Directorate.</p><p>123154, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samsonov@r-pharm.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4332-0114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моисеев Иван Сергеевич - доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе «НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р. М. Горбачевой».</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Moiseev - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Research, R. M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation.</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moisiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Р-Фарм»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC R-Pharm</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>229</fpage><lpage>244</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лепик К.В., Дергачева Т.Ю., Попова М.О., Андрианов А.Н., Самсонов М.Ю., Моисеев И.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лепик К.В., Дергачева Т.Ю., Попова М.О., Андрианов А.Н., Самсонов М.Ю., Моисеев И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lepik K.V., Dergacheva T.Y., Popova M.O., Andrianov A.N., Samsonov M.Y., Moiseev I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/638">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/638</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Внедрение терапии Т-клетками с химерным антигенным рецептором (Chimeric antigen receptor, CAR T) в клиническую практику изменило международные стандарты лечения B-клеточных лейкозов, лимфом и множественной миеломы. Наряду с высокой противоопухолевой активностью CAR T-терапия сопровождается нежелательными явлениями: синдром высвобождения цитокинов (СВЦ), с иммунными клетками ассоциированный нейротоксический синдром (ИКАНС), синдром активации макрофагов (САМ).</p><p>Цель — представить данные о механизмах иммунной токсичности CAR T-терапии, ее клинических проявлениях, а также стратегиях профилактики и лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные сведения</title><p>Основные сведения. СВЦ — гипервоспалительное состояние, в основе клинических проявлений которого лежат активация и нарушение проницаемости эндотелия. Генетическая предрасположенность к СВЦ связана с полиморфизмом генов адгезии и активации иммунных клеток. В патогенезе играют роль гиперпродукция цитокинов интерлейкинов 1β, 6, 8, 10, интерферона-γ, снижение экспрессии молекул адгезии эндотелием, гиперпродукция факторов проницаемости, интерстициальный отек органов и их дисфункция. Другие осложнения: ИКАНС и САМ. Терапия СВЦ основывается на применении глюкокортикоидов и антицитокиновой терапии. Значительная доля негативных исходов связана с ИКАНС и САМ. Перспективным направлением лечения является применение антагонистов интерлейкина-1.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy into clinical practice has transformed international treatment standards for B-cell leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. Alongside its high antitumor activity, CAR T-cell therapy is associated with a unique profile of adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune cell-associated neurotoxic syndrome (ICANS), and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To present data on the mechanisms of immune toxicity of CAR T-cell therapy, its clinical manifestations, as well as prevention and treatment strategies.</p></sec><sec><title>Basic information</title><p>Basic information. CRS is a self-sustaining hyperinflammatory condition with a specific spectrum of clinical manifestations, driven by endothelial activation and increased permeability. Genetic predisposition to CRS is associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in immune cell adhesion and activation. Key stages of pathogenesis include hyperproduction of cytokines, particularly interleukins (IL)-1β, 6, 8, 10, and interferon-γ, reduced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, overproduction of permeability factors, and consequent interstitial organ edema and dysfunction. Conditions closely associated with CRS include immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and macrophage activation syndrome/secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MAS). Treatment of CRS is based on the use of glucocorticosteroids and anticytokine monoclonal antibodies targeting the IL-6 receptor, IL-6 itself, IL-1, and interferon-γ. However, a significant proportion of adverse outcomes are driven by ICANS and MAS. The most promising treatment approach for these conditions currently involves the use of interleukin-1 antagonists, which may mitigate these severe immune toxicities.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CAR T</kwd><kwd>синдром высвобождения цитокинов</kwd><kwd>синдром активации макрофагов</kwd><kwd>вторичный гемофагоцитарный лимфогистиоцитоз</kwd><kwd>синдром нейротоксичности</kwd><kwd>ассоциированный с иммунными эффекторными клетками</kwd><kwd>антицитокиновая терапия</kwd><kwd>гофликицепт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CAR T</kwd><kwd>cytokine release syndrome</kwd><kwd>macrophage activation syndrome</kwd><kwd>secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis</kwd><kwd>immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome</kwd><kwd>anti-cytokine therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа не имела спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cancer TODAY | IARC. 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