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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2025-70-3-336-347</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-659</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональные нарушения тромбоцитов у детей при эссенциальной тромбоцитемии и истинной полицитемии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional disorders of platelets in children with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-2878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полохов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polokhov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полохов Дмитрий Михайлович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач лаборатории клинического гемостаза</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii M. Polokhov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), pathologist of the Clinical Hemostasis Laboratory</p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrii.polokhov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-3937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатова Анастасия Александровна, научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточного гемостаза и тромбоза</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Ignatova, Researcher at the Laboratory of Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis</p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">procyonnlotor@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-1749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краличкин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kralichkin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краличкин Павел Викторович, аспирант, детский онколог, стационар кратковременного лечения</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Kralichkin, post-graduate student, pediatric oncologist at the shortterm treatment hospital</p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.kralichkin@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-2036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшонкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshonkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пшонкин Алексей Вадимович, кандидат медицинских наук, гематолог, детский онколог, заведующий стационаром кратковременного лечения</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Pshonkin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), hematologist, pediatric oncologist, Head of the short-term treatment hospital</p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey.pshonkin@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6028-9860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданов Алексей Владимирович, аспирант, детский онколог, стационар кратковременного лечения</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei V. Bogdanov, post-graduate student, pediatric oncologist at the shortterm treatment hospital</p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeivld@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-2099</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полетаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poletaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полетаев Александр Владимирович, заведующий лабораторией клинического гемостаза</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Poletaev, head of the Laboratory of Clinical Hemostasis</p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poletaev_alexandr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8128-7757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пантелеев Михаил Александрович, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий лабораторией клеточного гемостаза и тромбоза; директор; профессор кафедры медицинской физики физического факультета</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p><p>109029, г. Москва</p><p>119991, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Panteleev, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis; CEO; professor of Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics</p><p>117997, Moscow</p><p>109029, Moscow</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mapanteleev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-6754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарков</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жарков Павел Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, педиатр, гематолог консультативного отделения, заведующий лабораторией патологии гемостаза, профессор кафедры гематологии и клеточных технологий</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Zharkov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, pediatrician, hematologist of the Advisory Department, Head of the Laboratory of Hemostasis Pathology, Professor of the Department of Hematology and Cellular Technologies</p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.zharkov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-1499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сметанина Наталия Сергеевна, доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора Института гематологии, иммунологии и клеточных технологий; профессор кафедры гематологии и клеточных технологий</p><p>117997, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya S. Smetanina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director of the Institute of Hematology, Immunology and Cell Technologies; Professor of the Department of Hematology and Cell Technologies</p><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБУН «Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии» Российской академии наук; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology; Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>336</fpage><lpage>347</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полохов Д.М., Игнатова А.А., Краличкин П.В., Пшонкин А.В., Богданов А.В., Полетаев А.В., Пантелеев М.А., Жарков П.А., Сметанина Н.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полохов Д.М., Игнатова А.А., Краличкин П.В., Пшонкин А.В., Богданов А.В., Полетаев А.В., Пантелеев М.А., Жарков П.А., Сметанина Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polokhov D.M., Ignatova A.A., Kralichkin P.V., Pshonkin A.V., Bogdanov A.V., Poletaev A.V., Panteleev M.A., Zharkov P.A., Smetanina N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/659">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/659</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тромбозы и кровоточивость являются частыми осложнениями эссенциальной тромбоцитемии (ЭТ) и истинной полицитемии (ИП). Морфофункциональные нарушения тромбоцитов при этих состояниях изучены недостаточно.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить морфофункциональные характеристики тромбоцитов при ЭТ и ИП.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 39 больных младше 18 лет с установленным диагнозом ЭТ (n = 26) или ИП (n = 13). Контроль составили 40 здоровых детей. Оценивали проявления ишемических и геморрагических симптомов, гепатомегалии и/или спленомегалии. Изучали тромбоциты с использованием метода проточной цитометрии (ПЦ) с активацией смесью аналогов тромбина и коллагена. Измеряли активность фактора фон Виллебранда.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В зависимости от наличия и типа драйверной мутации все больные были разделены на 3 группы. В первую группу вошли 16 больных с тройной негативной (triple-negative, ТN) формой ЭТ. Вторую группу составили 15 больных с JAK2 драйверной мутацией и диагнозами ИП или ЭТ. В третью группу вошли 8 больных с CALR драйверной мутацией и диагнозом ЭТ. Количество тромбоцитов было выше в группе TN при сравнении с группой JAK2 (p = 0,005) и не отличалось между группами TN и CALR (p = 0,98). Гепатомегалия наблюдалась у 36 % больных, спленомегалия — у 56 %. Приобретенный синдром Виллебранда развился у 64 % больных. Симптомы ишемии и/или кровоточивости наблюдались у 54 % больных. По результатам ПЦ размер неактивированных тромбоцитов был уменьшен во всех группах больных при сравнении с контрольной группой (p ≤ 0,01). Уменьшение размера тромбоцитов при активации было менее выражено в группах JAK2 и CALR (p ≤ 0,0015) при сравнении с контролем. Гранулярность тромбоцитов была снижена в группах TN и CALR (p ≤ 0,01) при сравнении с контролем. Морфологические нарушения тромбоцитов в виде повышения их гранулярности относительно размера клеток были выявлены у 58 % больных. Уменьшение количества CD42b на мембране тромбоцитов вследствие отщепления и интернализации было достоверно ослаблено во всех группах больных (p ≤ 0,01). Экстернализация CD61 на поверхность мембраны тромбоцитов при активации была ослаблена во всех группах больных (p ≤ 0,02). В группах JAK2 и CALR объем/количество плотных гранул тромбоцитов были достоверно снижены в покое (p ≤ 0,02), а при активации дегрануляция плотных гранул была ослаблена (p&lt; 0,001) при сравнении с контролем.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При ЭТ/ИП у детей и подростков выявлены общие морфофункциональные нарушения тромбоцитов (уменьшенный размер, нарушения экспрессии CD42b и CD61), не зависящие от генетической причины.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Thrombosis and bleeding are frequent complications of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). Platelet morphofunctional abnormalities in these disorders are poorly understood.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To study the morphofunctional characteristics of platelets in ET and PV.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 39 patients under 18 years of age with an established diagnosis of ET (n = 26) and PV (n = 13). The control group consisted of 40 healthy children. The manifestations of ischemic and hemorrhagic symptoms, hepato-/splenomegaly were evaluated. Platelets were studied using flow cytometry (FC) with activation by a mixture of thrombin and collagen analogues; the activity of the Willebrand factor was measured.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Depending on the presence and type of driver mutation, all patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 included 16 patients with triple negative (TN) form of ET. Group 2 included 15 patients with JAK2 driver mutation and diagnoses of PV or ET. The third group included 8 patients with CALR driver mutation and a diagnosis of ET. The platelet count was higher in the TN group when compared to the JAK2 group (p = 0.005) and did not differ between the TN and CALR groups (p = 0.98). Hepatomegaly was observed in 36 % of patients, splenomegaly in 56 %. Symptoms of ischemia and/or bleeding were observed in 54 % of patients. Acquired von Willebrand disease syndrome developed in 64 % of patients. According to the results of FC, the size of non-activated platelets was reduced in all groups when compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.01). The reduction in platelet size upon activation was significantly attenuated in JAK2 and CALR (p ≤ 0.0015). Platelet granularity was reduced in TN and CALR groups (p ≤ 0.01) when compared to the control. Morphological abnormalities of platelets, in the form of an increase in their granularity relative to cell size, were detected in 58 % of patients. The decrease in the amount of CD42b on the platelet membrane, due to Shedding and internalization, was significantly attenuated in all patient groups (p ≤ 0.01). The externalization of CD61 on the platelet membrane surface upon activation was attenuated in all groups (p ≤ 0.02). In the JAK2 and CALR groups, the volume/number of platelet dense granules were significantly reduced at rest (p ≤0.02), and upon activation, dense granule degranulation was attenuated (p &lt; 0.001) when compared to the control. Conclusion. Common morphofunctional platelet abnormalities (reduced size, abnormalities in CD42b and CD61 expression) were identified in children and adolescents with ET/PV, independent of the genetic cause.&gt;&lt; 0.001) when compared to the control.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Common morphofunctional platelet abnormalities (reduced size, abnormalities in CD42b and CD61 expression) were identified in children and adolescents with ET/PV, independent of the genetic cause.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эссенциальная тромбоцитемия</kwd><kwd>истинная полицитемия</kwd><kwd>тромбоциты</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>essential thrombocythemia</kwd><kwd>polycythemia vera</kwd><kwd>platelets</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kralovics R., Passamonti F., Buser A.S., et al. A Gain-of-Function Mutation of JAK2 in Myeloproliferative Disorders. New Engl J Med. 2005;352(17):1779–90. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa051113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kralovics R., Passamonti F., Buser A.S., et al. 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