bloodjourГематология и трансфузиологияRussian journal of hematology and transfusiology0234-57302411-3042ООО Издательский дом «Практика»10.18821/0234-5730-2017-62-4-223-229bloodjour-676Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWS OF LITERATUREМорфофункциональная характеристика защитных механизмов нейтрофилов при бактериальных инфекциях и их вклад в патогенез провоспалительных реакцийMorphofunctional characteristics of protective mechanisms of neutrophils against bacterial infections and their contribution in pathogenesis of pro-inflammatory responseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9968-3347МатосоваЕ. В.MatosovaE. V.

Матосова Екатерина Владимировна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и микробиологии

690087, г. Владивосток

Matosova Ekaterina V., MD, junior researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Microbiology

Vladivostok, 690087

e_matosova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-808XАндрюковБ. Г.AndryukovB. G.

690087, г. Владивосток

Vladivostok, 690087

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.П. Сомова»РоссияSomov Institute of Epidemiology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation201717102025624223229Copyright © Матосова Е.В., Андрюков Б.Г., 20252025Матосова Е.В., Андрюков Б.Г.Matosova E.V., Andryukov B.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/676

Инфекции – одна из основных причин смертности и заболеваемости в мире. Нейтрофилы являются активным и многочисленным эффекторным звеном врождённой иммунной системы, которое защищает организм от инфицирования патогенными микроорганизмами. Однако вклад нейтрофилов в развитие инфекционного процесса был недооценён, несмотря на то, что функции этого подкласса лейкоцитов давно известны в качестве патогенетического элемента воспаления. В дополнение к фагоцитозу эти клетки могут опосредовать менее изученную в качестве антибактериальной стратегии внеклеточную дегрануляцию, а также, высвобождая внеклеточный хроматин, ядерный белок и сериновые протеазы, образовывать сетчатые волоконные структуры, называемые нейтрофильными внеклеточными ловушками (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps – NETs). NETs могут захватывать патогены, вызывать эндотелиальную дисфункцию и провоспалительные иммунные реакции. Феномен NETs – это сравнительно новая форма программируемой клеточной смерти (нетоз), значение которой в развитии инфекционного процесса и развитии воспаления до конца не изучено. Нетоз имеет высокий потенциал для дальнейшего изучения патогенеза воспаления и поиска эффективных методов лечения инфекций. В этом обзоре основное внимание уделяется современным данным об основных защитных стратегиях нейтрофилов при бактериальных инфекциях и их вкладу в патогенез провоспалительных реакций. Обсуждаются современные подходы к фармакологической модуляции различных вариантов антимикробных механизмов нейтрофилов, что перспективно в случаях комплексного лечения инфекций, ассоциированных с антибиотикорезистентными штаммами бактерий.

Infection is one of the leading causes of the mortality and morbidity. Neutrophils protect the body against pathogenic microorganisms. However, the contribution of neutrophils in the development of the infectious process was underestimated. In addition to phagocytosis, neutrophils can mediate extracellular degranulation, release of  extracellular chromatin, nuclear protein and serine proteases and form neutrophil extracellular traps NETs. NETs can capture pathogens, cause endothelial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory immune responses. The phenomenon of NETs is a relatively new form of programmed cell death (NETosis). NETosis has a high potential for the further study of the pathogenesis of inflammation and the search for effective methods of treating infections. This review focuses on modern data on the basic protective strategies of neutrophils against bacterial infections and their contribution to the pathogenesis of proinflammatory responses. Approaches to pharmacological modulation of different antimicrobial mechanisms of neutrophils are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.