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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bloodjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гематология и трансфузиология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-5730</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-3042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО Издательский дом «Практика»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35754/0234-5730-2025-70-4-455-464</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bloodjour-690</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика показателей эритроцитов и гемоглобина у лиц, подвергшихся профессиональному хроническому облучению</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trends in red blood cells and hemoglobin levels in individuals chronically exposed to ionizing radiation during occupational activities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-5048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragin</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брагин Евгений Викторович, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>456783, г. Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy V. Bragin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher</p><p>456783, Ozyorsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-9922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryeva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьева Евгения Сергеевна, начальник научно-исследовательского отдела медико-биологической и демографической аналитики – научный сотрудник</p><p>456783, г. Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya S. Grigoryeva, Head of the Research Department of Medical, Biological and Demographic Analytics  — Researcher</p><p>456783, Ozyorsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-2674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азизова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azizova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азизова Тамара Васильевна, кандидат медицинских наук, начальник научно-исследовательского отдела радиационной эпидемиологии – главный научный сотрудник</p><p>456783, г. Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara V. Azizova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Research Department of Radiation Epidemiology  — Chief Researcher</p><p>456783, Ozyorsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Южно-Уральский федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Federal Research and Clinical Center for Medical Biophysics of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>455</fpage><lpage>464</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Брагин Е.В., Григорьева Е.С., Азизова Т.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брагин Е.В., Григорьева Е.С., Азизова Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bragin E.V., Grigoryeva E.S., Azizova T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/690">https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/690</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Система гемопоэза чувствительна к воздействию ионизирующего излучения. В то же время количество исследований, посвященных оценке гемопоэтических эффектов в когортах лиц, подвергшихся хроническому облучению, крайне ограниченно.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить показатели эритроцитов и гемоглобина и их динамики у лиц, подвергшихся хроническому облучению.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучаемая когорта — работники ПО «Маяк», нанятые на предприятие в период 1948–1952 гг. (7391 человек). Период наблюдения — 15 лет с момента найма работника. В исследование включены 156 490 общих анализов периферической крови. К концу периода наблюдения средняя суммарная поглощенная в костном мозге доза внешнего гамма-излучения составила 0,81 ± 0,79 Гр у мужчин и 0,55 ± 0,62 Гр у женщин; средняя годовая доза — 0,10 ± 0,20 и 0,07 ± 0,015 Гр и средняя максимальная годовая доза — 0,33 ± 0,39 и 0,22 ± 0,27 Гр соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среднее количество эритроцитов и концентрация гемоглобина у работников изучаемой когорты оставались в пределах границ физиологической нормы с незначительными колебаниями на протяжении всего периода наблюдения. Количество эритроцитов и концентрация гемоглобина в периферической крови резко снижались в первые годы после начала контакта с источниками ионизирующего излучения, когда у работников изучаемой когорты были зарегистрированы наиболее высокие годовые поглощенные в костном мозге дозы гамма-излучения, как у мужчин, так и у женщин, с последующим постепенным восстановлением. Различия были статистически значимыми по сравнению с данными предварительного медицинского осмотра, однако полного восстановления до значений предварительного медицинского осмотра не зарегистрировано. Концентрация гемоглобина также не выходила за пределы границ физиологической нормы в течение всего периода наблюдения, однако после периода восстановления постепенно снижалась к концу периода наблюдения по сравнению с концентрацией, зарегистрированной на предварительном медицинском осмотре. Анализ зависимости изучаемых показателей от дозы внешнего гамма-облучения выявил статистически значимую зависимость количества эритроцитов и концентрации гемоглобина от дозы облучения (p &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У женщин при входном медицинском осмотре количество эритроцитов и концентрация гемоглобина были значимо ниже по сравнению с мужчинами; в первые 15 лет работы средние показатели эритроцитов и гемоглобина были значимо ниже по сравнению с входным медицинским осмотром; количество эритроцитов и концентрация гемоглобина значимо зависели от дозы внешнего гамма-облучения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The hematopoietic system is sensitive to ionizing radiation. At the same time, research on hematopoietic effects in cohorts of individuals who are chronically exposed to ionizing radiation is quite limited.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate red blood cell and hemoglobin levels, and to analyze their changes over time in individuals chronically exposed to ionizing radiation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study cohort consisted of nuclear workers of the Mayak PA who were hired between 1948 and 1952, totaling 7,391 individuals. These workers were followed for a period of 15 years starting from their date of hire. The analyzed dataset included 156,490 peripheral blood counts. At the end of the follow-up period, the mean accumulated red bone absorbed dose of gamma rays from external exposure was 0.81 ± 0.79 Gy for males and 0.55 ± 0.62 Gy for females. The mean annual gamma dose was 0.10 ± 0.20 Gy for males and 0.07 ± 0.15 Gy for females, and the mean maximum annua gamma dose was 0.33 ± 0.39 for males and 0.22 ± 0.27 Gy for females.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The mean red blood cell and hemoglobin levels in the study cohort of workers remained within the normal physiological range, showing only slight fluctuations throughout the entire follow-up period. Both red blood cell and hemoglobin levels in the peripheral blood decreased significantly in the first few years after the beginning of contact with ionizing radiation sources, when the highest annual absorbed gamma doses in red bone were recorded for both male and female workers. After these initial years, red blood cell and hemoglobin levels eventually returned to normal. The differences were statistically significant when the levels in first years of employment were compared to the levels reported during pre-employment health check-ups. However, no complete recovery to the pre-employment levels was observed. The hemoglobin concentration also remained within the normal physiological range throughout the entire follow-up period. However, after the recovery period, it gradually decreased until the end of the follow-up, compared to the pre-employment level. The analysis of these blood parameters in relation to gamma-ray dose from external exposure revealed a significant association of red blood cell and hemoglobin concentration with the radiation dose (p &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Red blood cell levels and hemoglobin concentrations registered at the pre-employment health check-up were significantly lower in females than males. In the first 15 years of employment, the mean red blood cell and hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased compared to the pre-employment levels. The red blood cell level and hemoglobin concentration were significantly associated with the gamma-ray dose from external exposure.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>система кроветворения</kwd><kwd>эритроциты</kwd><kwd>гемоглобин</kwd><kwd>профессиональное хроническое облучение</kwd><kwd>гамма-излучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hematopoietic system</kwd><kwd>red blood cells</kwd><kwd>hemoglobin</kwd><kwd>occupational chronic radiation exposure</kwd><kwd>gamma rays</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование проведено в рамках Государственного контракта от 15 июня 2021 г. № 11.313.21.2 с Федеральным медико-биологическим агентством «Оценка медико-биологических эффектов хронического радиационного воздействия и механизмов их развития для оптимизации методологий раннего выявления последствий облучения» (шифр: «Иммуногемопоэз-21»).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was conducted under a state contract with the Federal Medical Biological Agency, dated 15 June, 2021, number 11.313.21.2, “Assessment of medical and biological effects following chronic radiation exposure and their mechanisms aimed to improve the methodology for the early detection of radiation exposure effects” (code: Immunohemopoes-2021).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clement C.H., Stewart F.A., Akleyev A.V., et al. 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