bloodjourГематология и трансфузиологияRussian journal of hematology and transfusiology0234-57302411-3042ООО Издательский дом «Практика»10.35754/0234-5730-2026-71-1-75-84bloodjour-729Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESПредоперационная анемия у детей с врожденными пороками сердцаPreoperative anemia in children with congenital heart diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-6246-7412ГаврилинА. А.GavrilinA. A.

Гаврилин Алексей Алексеевич, анестезиолог-реаниматолог блока реанимации и интенсивной терапии отделения экстренной кардиохирургии и интервенционной кардиологии

119049, г. Москва

Alexey A. Gavrilin, anesthesiologist and intensive care physician of the ICU of the Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology

119049, Moscow 

gavrilin.doc@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-2812ЛастовкаВ. А.LastovkaV. A.

Ластовка Василий Анатольевич, кандидат медицинских наук, анестезиолог-реаниматолог блока реанимации и интенсивной терапии отделения экстренной кардиохирургии и интервенционной кардиологии;  ведущий научный сотрудник отделения анестезиологии-реанимации II (отделение кардиоанестезиологии и реанимации)

119049, г. Москва

119435, г. Москва 

Vasily A. Lastovka, Cand. Sci. (Med.), anesthesiologist and intensive care physician of the ICU of the Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology; Leading Researcher at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care II (Department of Cardioanesthesiology and Intensive Care)

119049, Moscow 

119435, Moscow

richard-brabant@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-6287АбрамянМ. А.AbramyanM. A.

Абрамян Михаил Арамович, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделением экстренной кардиохирургии и интервенционной кардиологии; профессор кафедры педиатрии

119049, г. Москва 

119049, г. Москва 

Mikhail A. Abrahamyan, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology at the anesthesiologist and intensive care physician of the ICU of the Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology

119049, Moscow 

117198, Moscow 

m_abramyan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4434-3123АксельродБ. А.AxelrodB. A.

Аксельрод Борис Альбертович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, заведующий отделением анестезиологии-реанимации II (отделение кардиоанестезиологии и реанимации)

119435, г. Москва

Boris A. Axelrod, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the RAS, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care II (Department of Cardioanesthesiology and Intensive Care)

119435, Moscow 

aksel@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-3989-882XЕрмаковаВ. С.ErmakovaV. S.

Ермакова Вероника Сергеевна, гематолог отделения детской трансплантации костного мозга и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток

115478, г. Москва

Veronika S. Ermakova, Hematologist, Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

115478, Moscow 

V.ermakova@ronc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-7441КальченкоД. Д.KalchenkoD. D.

Кальченко Даниил Дмитриевич, детский кардиолог отделения экстренной кардиохирургии и интервенционной кардиологии

119049, г. Москва

Daniil D. Kalchenko, Pediatric cardiologist at the Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology

119049, Moscow 

dkalchenko@morozdgkb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-3717-2301МорозоваЕ. И.MorozovaE. I.

Морозова Екатерина Игоревна, анестезиолог-реаниматолог блока реанимации и интенсивной терапии отделения экстренной кардиохирургии и интервенционной кардиологии

119049, г. Москва

Ekaterina I. Morozova, anesthesiologist and intensive care physician of the ICU of the Department of Emergency Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology

119049, Moscow 

emorozova@morozdgkb.ruГБУЗ г. Москвы «Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»РоссияMoscow Morozovskaya Children’s City Clinical HospitalRussian FederationГБУЗ г. Москвы «Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы» ; ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. академика Б. В. Петровского»РоссияMoscow Morozovskaya Children’s City Clinical Hospital ; The Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician B.V. PetrovskyRussian FederationГБУЗ г. Москвы «Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы» ; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияMoscow Morozovskaya Children’s City Clinical Hospital ; Peoples’ Friendship University of RussiaRussian FederationГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. академика Б. В. Петровского»РоссияThe Russian Scientifi c Center of Surgery named after Academician B.V. PetrovskyRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина»РоссияNational Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. BlokhinRussian Federation2026070420267117584Copyright © Гаврилин А.А., Ластовка В.А., Абрамян М.А., Аксельрод Б.А., Ермакова В.С., Кальченко Д.Д., Морозова Е.И., 20262026Гаврилин А.А., Ластовка В.А., Абрамян М.А., Аксельрод Б.А., Ермакова В.С., Кальченко Д.Д., Морозова Е.И.Gavrilin A.A., Lastovka V.A., Abramyan M.A., Axelrod B.A., Ermakova V.S., Kalchenko D.D., Morozova E.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/729Введение

Введение. Распространенность предоперационных анемий среди детей с врожденными пороками сердца (ВПС) недостаточно изучена. Анемия может быть ассоциирована с послеоперационными осложнениями, неблагоприятными исходами после кардиохирургических операций. Трансфузия эритроцитной взвеси также может приводить к нежелательным побочным эффектам. Не существует общепринятого подхода к предоперационной подготовке больных с анемией, который мог бы улучшить исходы хирургического лечения ВПС.

Цель

Цель: изучить распространенность предоперационных анемий у детей с ВПС и оценить их влияние на течение послеоперационного периода.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 253 больных ВПС в возрасте от 0,1 до 215,5 месяца, перенесших кардиохирургические операции в период с января 2022 по декабрь 2023 г., из которых у 177 (70 %) больных они были выполнены в условиях искусственного кровообращения (ИК). Среди наиболее многочисленной и однородной группы больных, относившихся ко II категории по классификации RACHS-1, был проведен анализ влияния предоперационной анемии на длительность госпитализации и пребывания в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ), частоту развития острого повреждения почек (ОПП).

Результаты

Результаты. Предоперационная анемия была диагностирована у 25,7 % больных. Среди больных с анемией частота развития ОПП в послеоперационном периоде была выше в сравнении с группой больных без анемий: 30,8 % против 9,7 %. Наличие анемии не влияло на длительность госпитализации и пребывания в ОРИТ.

Заключение

Заключение. Распространенность и структура анемий перед кардиохирургическими операциями у детей недостаточно изучены. Необходим дальнейший поиск оптимального подхода к предоперационной подготовке больных ВПС с целью снижения рисков послеоперационных осложнений, снижения финансовой нагрузки на учреждения здравоохранения, улучшения исходов лечения.

Introduction

Introduction. The prevalence of preoperative anemia among children with congenital heart defects (CHD) has not been sufficiently studied. Anemia may be associated with postoperative complications and unfavorable outcomes after cardiac surgery. Erythrocyte suspension (ES) transfusion can also lead to undesirable side effects. There is no generally accepted approach to the preoperative preparation of patients with anemia that could improve the outcomes of surgical treatment of CHD.

Aim

Aim: to study the prevalence of preoperative anemia in children with CHD and to evaluate their effect on the course of the postoperative period.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the data of 253 CHD patients aged 0.1 to 215.5 months who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2022 and December 2023 was performed, of which 177 (70 %) patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. Among the most numerous and homogeneous group of patients classified as RACHS-1 category II, the effect of preoperative anemia on the duration of hospitalization and stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was analyzed.

Results

Results. Preoperative anemia was diagnosed in 25.7 % of patients. Among patients with anemia, the incidence of AKI in the postoperative period was higher than in the group of patients without anemia: 30.8 % versus 9.7 %. The presence of anemia did not affect the duration of hospitalization and ICU stay.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The prevalence and structure of anemia before cardiac surgery in children have not been sufficiently studied. It is necessary to further search for the optimal approach to preoperative preparation of CHD patients in order to reduce the risks of postoperative complications, reduce the financial burden on healthcare institutions, and improve treatment outcomes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.