bloodjourГематология и трансфузиологияRussian journal of hematology and transfusiology0234-57302411-3042ООО Издательский дом «Практика»10.25837/HAT.2018.78..2..008bloodjour-99Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWS OF LITERATUREЭНТЕРОБАКТЕРИИ С ПРОДУКЦИЕЙ β-ЛАКТАМАЗ РАСШИРЕННОГО СПЕКТРА: ИСТОЧНИКИ ИНФИЦИРОВАНИЯ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ КОЛОНИЗАЦИИ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ КИШЕЧНИКА У БОЛЬНЫХ ГЕМОБЛАСТОЗАМИEXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE-PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE: SOURCES OF INFECTION AND THE VALUE OF INTESTINAL COLONIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-5282КоробоваA. Г.KorobovaA. G.

Коробова Анна Геннадьевна, научный сотрудник научно-клинической лаборатории клинической бактериологии, микологии и антибиотической терапии

ResearcherID: M-6469-2014

Korobova Anna G., researcher of scientific clinical laboratory of clinical bacteriology, mycology and antibiotic therapy ofNational Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, 125167

ResearcherID: M-6469-2014

korobova.a@blood.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-5763КлясоваГ. A.KlyasovaG. A.ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России, МоскваРоссияNational Research Center for Hematology, MoscowRussian Federation201821042019632174183Copyright © Коробова A.Г., Клясова Г.A., 20192019Коробова A.Г., Клясова Г.A.Korobova A.G., Klyasova G.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.htjournal.ru/jour/article/view/99

В последние годы в этиологии инфекционных осложнений возрастает роль полирезистентных бактерий, среди которых ведущую позицию занимают энтеробактерии, продуцирующие â-лактамазы расширенного спектра (БЛРС). Одной из главных проблем в лечении инфекционных осложнений, вызванных этими бактериями, является их устойчивость ко многим антимикробным препаратам. У больных гемобластозами и нейтропенией преобладает эндогенный путь развития инфекции, при котором происходит транслокация микроорганизмов со слизистой оболочки кишечника в кровоток. В статье рассмотрены источники инфицирования энтеробактериями с продукцией БЛРС, частота их выявления, показана необходимость проведения мониторинга в период химиотерапии гемобластозов.

In recent years, the incidence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly by extendedspectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), has increased. One of the major issues in the treatment of infections caused by these pathogens is their resistance to many antimicrobial agents. In patients with hematological malignancies, the most common source of infection is their own intestinal flora, which gets translocated from the intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream. The article discusses the prevalence and sources of infection with ESBL-E, as well as the necessity of monitoring of gut colonization with these bacteria during chemotherapy.

обзорβ-лактамазы расширенного спектраэнтеробактерииколонизацияисточники инфицированияoverviewESBLextended-spectrum beta-lactamaseEnterobacteriaceaecolonizationsources of infectionReferencesВойцеховский В. В. , Груздова А. В., Филатова Е. А. и др. Анализ инфекционных осложнений гемобластозов в Амурской области. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания 2012; 46:64—68.Voytsekhovskiy V. V., Gruzdo va A. V., Filatova E. A. et al. The analysis of infectious complications of hemoblastosis in the Amur Region. Russian Journal of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration (Byulleten fiziologii i patologii dykhaniya) 2012; 46:64—68 (in Russian).Клясова Г. А. Антимикробная терапия // В кн.: Савченко В. Г., ред. Программное лечение заболеваний системы крови: сборник алгоритмов диагностики и протоколов лечения заболеваний системы крови. — М.: Практика, 2012; с. 827—854.Klyasova G. A. Antimicrobial therapy // In: Savchenko V. G., ed. Program treatment of blood system diseases. — Moscow: Praktika, 2012; 829—853 (in Russian).Blijlevens N. M., Donnelly J. P., De Pauw B. E. Mucosal barrier injury: biology, pathology, clinical counterparts and consequences of intensive treatment for haematological malignancy: an overview. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:1269—78. DOI:10.1038/sj.bmt.1702447Blijlevens N. M., Donnelly J. P., De Pauw B. E. Mucosal barrier injury: biology, pathology, clinical counterparts and consequences of intensive treatment for haematological malignancy: an overview. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:1269—78. DOI:10.1038/sj.bmt.1702447Biehl L. M., Schmidt-Hieber M., Liss B. et al. Colonization and infection with extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in high-risk patients — Review of the literature from a clinical perspective. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 42:1—16. DOI:10.3109/1040841X.2013.875515Biehl L. M., Schmidt-Hieber M., Liss B. et al. Colonization and infection with extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in high-risk patients — Review of the literature from a clinical perspective. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 42:1—16. DOI:10.3109/1040841X.2013.875515Paterson D. L., Bonomo R. A. Extended-s pectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbial Rev 2005; 18:657—686. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005Paterson D. L., Bonomo R. A. Extended-s pectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbial Rev 2005; 18:657—686. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005Knothe H., Shah P., Krcmery V. et al. Transferable resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole and cefuroxime in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Infection 1983; 11:315—317. PMID:6321357Knothe H., Shah P., Krcmery V. et al. Transferable resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole and cefuroxime in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Infection 1983; 11:315—317. PMID:6321357Coque T. M., Baquero F., Canton R. Incre asing prevalence of ESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Euro Surveill 2008; 13: pii 19051. PMID:19021958Coque T. M., Baquero F., Canton R. Incre asing prevalence of ESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Euro Surveill 2008; 13: pii 19051. PMID:19021958Antimicrobial resistance: global rep ort on surveillance. World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO; 2014. Доступно по адресу: http://apps. who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112642/1/9789241564748_eng.pdf (по состоянию на 21.11.2017).Antimicrobial resistance: global rep ort on surveillance. World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO; 2014. Доступно по адресу: http://apps. who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112642/1/9789241564748_eng.pdf (по состоянию на 21.11.2017).European Centre for Disease Preventi on and Control. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2014. Annual Report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). Stockholm: ECDC; 2015. Доступно по адресу: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/home (по состоянию на 21.11.2017)European Centre for Disease Preventi on and Control. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2014. Annual Report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). Stockholm: ECDC; 2015. Доступно по адресу: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/home (по состоянию на 21.11.2017)Gazouli M., Sidorenko S. V., Tzelepi E. et al. A plasmid-mediated betalactamase conferring resistance to cefotaxime in a Salmonella typhimurium clone found in St. Petersburg, Russia. J Antimicrobial Chemother 1998; 41:119—121.Gazouli M., Sidorenko S. V., Tzelepi E. et al. A plasmid-mediated betalactamase conferring resistance to cefotaxime in a Salmonella typhimurium clone found in St. Petersburg, Russia. J Antimicrobial Chemother 1998; 41:119—121.Сидоренко С. В., Страчунский Л. С., Ахмедова Л. И. и др. Результаты многоцентрового исследования сравнительной активности цефепима и других антибиотиков в отношении возбудителей тяжелых госпитальных инфекций (программа «Micromax»). Антибиотики и химиотерапия 1999; 44:7—16.Sidorenko S. V., Strachunskiy L. S., Akhmedova L. I. et al. The results of a multicenter study of comparative activity of cefepime and other antibiotics against etiological agent of sever nosocomial infection (the program «Micromax»). Antibiotics and Chemotherapy (Antibiotiki i khimioterapiya) 1999; 44:7—16 (in Russian).Sukhorukova M., Kozyreva V., Ivanchik N . et al. Five-year trends in the prevalence and types of ESBLs and antimicrobial susceptibility of ESBL-producing nosocomial strains of Enterobacteriaceae in Russia. 20th European congress of clinical microbriology and infectious diseases. Vienna, 2010. Доступно по адресу: http://www.clinicalmicrobiologyan dinfection.com/article/S1198-743X(14)64429-3/pdf (по состоянию на 21.11.2017)Sukhorukova M., Kozyreva V., Ivanchik N . et al. Five-year trends in the prevalence and types of ESBLs and antimicrobial susceptibility of ESBL-producing nosocomial strains of Enterobacteriaceae in Russia. 20th European congress of clinical microbriology and infectious diseases. Vienna, 2010. Доступно по адресу: http://www.clinicalmicrobiologyan dinfection.com/article/S1198-743X(14)64429-3/pdf (по состоянию на 21.11.2017)Сухорукова М. В., Эйдельштейн М. В., Склеенова Е. Ю. и др. Антибиотикорезистентность нозокомиальных штаммов Enterobacteriaceae в стационарах России: результаты многоцентрового эпидемиологического исследования МАРАФОН в 2011—2012 гг. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия 2014; 16:254—265.Sukhorukova M. V., Edelstein M. V., Skleenova E. Yu. et al. Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Russia: results of national multicenter surveillance study «MARATHON» 2011—2012. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya) 2014; 4:254—265 (in Russian).Клясова Г. А., Сперанская Л. Л., Миронова А. В. и др. Возбудители сепсиса у иммунокомпрометированных больных: структура и проблемы антибиотикорезистентности (результаты многоцентрового исследования). Гематология и трансфузиология 2007; 52:11—18.Klyasova G. A., Speranskaya L. L., Mironova A. V. et ak. The pathogens causing sepsis in immunocompromized patients: structure and problems of antibiotic resistance. Results of a multi-center cooperative study. Russian Journal of Hematology and Transfusiology (Gematologiya i transfuziologiya) 2007; 52:11—18 (in Russian).Edelstein M., Pimkin M., Palagin I. et al. Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Russian hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:3724—3732.Edelstein M., Pimkin M., Palagin I. et al. Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Russian hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:3724—3732.Эйдельштейн М. В., Страчунский Л. С. Динамика распространенности и чувствительности БЛРС-продуцирующих штаммов энтеробактерий к различным антимикробным препаратам в ОРИТ России. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия 2005; 7:323—336.Edelstein M. V., Strachunskiy L. S. Trends in the prevalence and susceptibility of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae to various antimicrobial agents in Russian ICUs. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya) 2005; 7:323—336 (in Russian).Rossolini G. M., D’Andrea M. M., Mugnaioli C. Th e spread of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:33—41.Rossolini G. M., D’Andrea M. M., Mugnaioli C. Th e spread of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:33—41.Bonnet R. Growing group of extended-spectru m beta-lactamases: the CTX-M enzymes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:1—14. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01867.xBonnet R. Growing group of extended-spectru m beta-lactamases: the CTX-M enzymes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:1—14. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01867.xAverbuch D., Orasch C., Cordonnier C. et al. Eu ropean guidelines for empirical antibacterial therapy for febrile neutropenic patients in the era of growing resistance: summary of the 2011 4th European Conference on Infections in Leukemia. Haematologica 2013; 98:1826—1835. doi:10.3324/haematol.2013.091025.Averbuch D., Orasch C., Cordonnier C. et al. Eu ropean guidelines for empirical antibacterial therapy for febrile neutropenic patients in the era of growing resistance: summary of the 2011 4th European Conference on Infections in Leukemia. Haematologica 2013; 98:1826—1835. doi:10.3324/haematol.2013.091025.Guyot K., Biran V., Doit C. et al. Raman spectro scopic analysis of the clonal and horizontal spread of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:2827—2834. doi:10.1007/s10096-012-1636-4.Guyot K., Biran V., Doit C. et al. Raman spectro scopic analysis of the clonal and horizontal spread of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:2827—2834. doi:10.1007/s10096-012-1636-4.Paniara O., Platsouka E., Dimopoulou H. et al. Di versity of beta-lactam resistance levels among related Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in an intensive care unit. J Chemother 2000; 12:204—207. doi:10.1179/joc.2000.12.3.204Paniara O., Platsouka E., Dimopoulou H. et al. Di versity of beta-lactam resistance levels among related Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in an intensive care unit. J Chemother 2000; 12:204—207. doi:10.1179/joc.2000.12.3.204Ganeswire R., Thong K. L., Puthucheary S. D. Nosocomi al outbreak of Enterobacter gergoviae bacteraemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hospital Infect 2003; 53:292—296.Ganeswire R., Thong K. L., Puthucheary S. D. Nosocomi al outbreak of Enterobacter gergoviae bacteraemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hospital Infect 2003; 53:292—296.Adler A., Baraniak A., Izdebski R. et al. A multina tional study of colonization with extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthcare personnel and family members of carrier patients hospitalized in rehabilitation centres. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O516—523. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12560.Adler A., Baraniak A., Izdebski R. et al. A multina tional study of colonization with extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthcare personnel and family members of carrier patients hospitalized in rehabilitation centres. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O516—523. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12560.Calbo E., Freixas N., Xercavins M. et al. Foodborne nosocomial outbreak of SHV1 and CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: Epidemiology and control. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:743—749. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq238.Calbo E., Freixas N., Xercavins M. et al. Foodborne nosocomial outbreak of SHV1 and CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: Epidemiology and control. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:743—749. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq238.Hilty M., Betsch B. Y., Bogli-Stuber K. et al. Transmis sion dynamics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the tertiary care hospital and the household setting. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:967—975. doi:10.1093/cid/cis581.Hilty M., Betsch B. Y., Bogli-Stuber K. et al. Transmis sion dynamics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the tertiary care hospital and the household setting. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:967—975. doi:10.1093/cid/cis581.Tschudin-Sutter S., Frei R., Dangel M. et al. Rate of transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae without contact isolation. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:1505—1511. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis770.Tschudin-Sutter S., Frei R., Dangel M. et al. Rate of transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae without contact isolation. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:1505—1511. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis770.Baquero F., Coque T. M., Canton R. Allodemics. Lancet In fect 2002; 2:591—592.Baquero F., Coque T. M., Canton R. Allodemics. Lancet In fect 2002; 2:591—592.Клясова Г. А., Бриллиантова A. Н., Миронова А. В. Генотипирование грамотрицательных бактерий, выделенных из крови при сепсисе у больных с гематологическими заболеваниями. Тер архив 2007; 79:74—80.Klyasova G. A., Brilliantova A. N., Mironova A. V. Genotyping of gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood in sepsis in patients with hematological diseases. Therapeutic Archive (Terapevticheskiy arkhiv) 2007; 79:74—80 (in Russian).Cuartero C., Sanchez Diaz A. M., Ruiz-Garbajosa P. et al. D ynamics of intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)- producing Enterobacteriaceae in neutropenic oncohaematological patients. P2132 // In: Bacterial infections in cancer patients. Proceeding of 23th European Congress of Clinical Microbriology and Infectious Diseases, 2013, Apr 27—30. — Berlin: 2013. Доступно по адресу: https://www.escmid.org/escmid_publications/escmid_elibrary/?q=Cuartero+C.&id=2173&L=0&x=27&y=18 (по состоянию на 21.11.2017)Cuartero C., Sanchez Diaz A. M., Ruiz-Garbajosa P. et al. D ynamics of intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)- producing Enterobacteriaceae in neutropenic oncohaematological patients. P2132 // In: Bacterial infections in cancer patients. Proceeding of 23th European Congress of Clinical Microbriology and Infectious Diseases, 2013, Apr 27—30. — Berlin: 2013. Доступно по адресу: https://www.escmid.org/escmid_publications/escmid_elibrary/?q=Cuartero+C.&id=2173&L=0&x=27&y=18 (по состоянию на 21.11.2017)Martin R. M., Cao J., Brisse S. et al. Molecular epidemiology of colonizing and infecting isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. mSphere 2016; 1:pii: e00261—16. doi:10.1128/mSphere.00261-16.Martin R. M., Cao J., Brisse S. et al. Molecular epidemiology of colonizing and infecting isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. mSphere 2016; 1:pii: e00261—16. doi:10.1128/mSphere.00261-16.Samet A., Sledzinska A., Krawczyk B. et al. Leukemia and ris k of recurrent Escherichia coli bacteremia: genotyping implicates E. coli translocation from the colon to the bloodstream. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1393—1400. doi:10.1007/s10096-013-1886-9.Samet A., Sledzinska A., Krawczyk B. et al. Leukemia and ris k of recurrent Escherichia coli bacteremia: genotyping implicates E. coli translocation from the colon to the bloodstream. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1393—1400. doi:10.1007/s10096-013-1886-9.Krawczyk B., Sledzinska A., Szemiako K. et al. Characterisati on of Escherichia coli isolates from the blood of haematological adult patients with bacteraemia: translocation from gut to blood requires the cooperation of multiple virulence factors. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1135—1143. doi:10.1007/s10096-015-2331-z.Krawczyk B., Sledzinska A., Szemiako K. et al. Characterisati on of Escherichia coli isolates from the blood of haematological adult patients with bacteraemia: translocation from gut to blood requires the cooperation of multiple virulence factors. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1135—1143. doi:10.1007/s10096-015-2331-z.Platteel T. N., Leverstein-van Hall M. A., Cohen Stuart J. W. et al. Predicting carriage with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria at hospital admission: a cross-sectional study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:141—146. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2014.09.014.Platteel T. N., Leverstein-van Hall M. A., Cohen Stuart J. W. et al. Predicting carriage with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria at hospital admission: a cross-sectional study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:141—146. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2014.09.014.Bilavsky E., Temkin E., Lerman Y. et al. Risk factors for colon ization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae on admission to rehabilitation centres. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O804— 810. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12633.Bilavsky E., Temkin E., Lerman Y. et al. Risk factors for colon ization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae on admission to rehabilitation centres. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O804— 810. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12633.Mushtaq A., Carvalho M., Chishti N. et al. Frequency of carriage of New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) and CTX-M-15 among patients from hospitals in Karachi: preliminary data assessing risk factors for carriage and infection. 23th European Congress of Clinical Microbriology and Infectious Diseases. — Berlin, 2013. Доступно по адресу: https://www.escmid.org/escmid_library/online_lecture_library/material/?mid=6957 (по состоянию на 21.11.2017)Mushtaq A., Carvalho M., Chishti N. et al. Frequency of carriage of New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) and CTX-M-15 among patients from hospitals in Karachi: preliminary data assessing risk factors for carriage and infection. 23th European Congress of Clinical Microbriology and Infectious Diseases. — Berlin, 2013. Доступно по адресу: https://www.escmid.org/escmid_library/online_lecture_library/material/?mid=6957 (по состоянию на 21.11.2017)Liss B. J., Vehreschild J. J., Cornely O. A. et al. Intestinal colonisa tion and blood stream infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) in patients with haematological and oncological malignancies. Infection 2012; 40:613—619. doi:10.1007/s15010-012-0269-y.Liss B. J., Vehreschild J. J., Cornely O. A. et al. Intestinal colonisa tion and blood stream infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) in patients with haematological and oncological malignancies. Infection 2012; 40:613—619. doi:10.1007/s15010-012-0269-y.Arnan M., Gudiol C., Calatayud L. et al. Risk factors for, and cli nical relevance of, faecal extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) carriage in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:355—360. doi:10.1007/s10096-010-1093-x.Arnan M., Gudiol C., Calatayud L. et al. Risk factors for, and cli nical relevance of, faecal extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) carriage in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:355—360. doi:10.1007/s10096-010-1093-x.Cornejo-Juarez P., Suarez-Cuenca J. A., Volkow-Fernandez P. et al. Es cherichia coli carriage as a risk factor for bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:253—259. doi:10.1007/s00520-015-2772-z.Cornejo-Juarez P., Suarez-Cuenca J. A., Volkow-Fernandez P. et al. Es cherichia coli carriage as a risk factor for bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:253—259. doi:10.1007/s00520-015-2772-z.Calatayud L., Arnan M., Linares J. et al. Prospective study of fecal colonization by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in neutropenic patients with cancer. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:4187—4190. doi:10.1128/AAC.00367-08.Calatayud L., Arnan M., Linares J. et al. Prospective study of fecal colonization by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in neutropenic patients with cancer. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:4187—4190. doi:10.1128/AAC.00367-08.Ben-Ami R., Schwaber M. J., Navon-Venezia S. et al. Influx of extended- spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae into the hospital. Clinical infectious diseases 2006; 42:925—934. doi:10.1086/500936.Ben-Ami R., Schwaber M. J., Navon-Venezia S. et al. Influx of extended- spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae into the hospital. Clinical infectious diseases 2006; 42:925—934. doi:10.1086/500936.Охмат В. А., Клясова Г. А., Коробова А. Г. и др. Следует ли назначать карбапенемы всем больным с фебрильной нейтропенией и колонизацией энтеробактериями с продукцией β-лактамаз расширенного спектра? Онкогематология 2016; 11:49—57.Okhmat V. A., Klyasova G. A., Korobova A. G. et al. Should to all p atients with febrile neutropenia and colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae carbapenems be appointed? Oncohematology (Onkogematologiya) 2016; 11:49—57 (in Russian). doi:10.17650/1818-8346-2016-11-3-49-57.Bisson G., Fishman N. O., Patel J. B. et al. Extended-spectrum β- lactamase- producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species: risk factors for colonization and impact of antimicrobial formulary interventions on colonization prevalence. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol 2002; 23:254—260. doi:10.1086/502045.Bisson G., Fishman N. O., Patel J. B. et al. Extended-spectrum β- lactamase- producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species: risk factors for colonization and impact of antimicrobial formulary interventions on colonization prevalence. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol 2002; 23:254—260. doi:10.1086/502045.Pasricha J., Koessler T., Harbarth S. et al. Carriage of extendedspectr um beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriacae among internal medicine patients in Switzerland. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013; 2:20. doi:10.1186/2047-2994-2-20.Pasricha J., Koessler T., Harbarth S. et al. Carriage of extendedspectr um beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriacae among internal medicine patients in Switzerland. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013; 2:20. doi:10.1186/2047-2994-2-20.Apisarnthanarak A., Bailey T. C., Fraser V. J. Duration of stool colonizati on in patients infected with extended-spectrum beta-lactamaseproducing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1322—1323. doi:10.1086/533475.Pasricha J., Koessler T., Harbarth S. et al. Carriage of extendedspectr um beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriacae among internal medicine patients in Switzerland. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013; 2:20. doi:10.1186/2047-2994-2-20.Titelman E., Hasan C. M., Iversen A. et al. Faecal carriage of extendedspe ctrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is common 12 months after infection and is related to strain factors. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O508—515. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12559.Apisarnthanarak A., Bailey T. C., Fraser V. J. Duration of stool colonizati on in patients infected with extended-spectrum beta-lactamaseproducing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1322—1323. doi:10.1086/533475.Bucanevea G., Castagnolab E., Viscoli C. et al. Quinolone prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile high risk neutropenic patients. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2007; 5:5—12. doi:10.1016/j.ejcsup.2007.06.002.Apisarnthanarak A., Bailey T. C., Fraser V. J. Duration of stool colonizati on in patients infected with extended-spectrum beta-lactamaseproducing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1322—1323. doi:10.1086/533475.Bow E. J. Fluoroquinolones, antimicrobial resistance and neutropenic cance r patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:545—553. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834cf054.Titelman E., Hasan C. M., Iversen A. et al. Faecal carriage of extendedspe ctrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is common 12 months after infection and is related to strain factors. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O508—515. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12559.Tumbarello M., Sanguinetti M., Montuori E. et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-β- lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: importance of inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1987—1994. doi:10.1128/AAC.01509-06.Titelman E., Hasan C. M., Iversen A. et al. Faecal carriage of extendedspe ctrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is common 12 months after infection and is related to strain factors. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O508—515. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12559.Paterson D. L., Ko W. C., Von Gottberg A. et al. Antibiotic therapy for Klebsiell a pneumonia bacteremia: implications of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:31—37. doi:10.1086/420816.Bucanevea G., Castagnolab E., Viscoli C. et al. Quinolone prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile high risk neutropenic patients. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2007; 5:5—12. doi:10.1016/j.ejcsup.2007.06.002.Pea F., Poz D., Viale P. et al. Which reliable pharmacodynamics breakpoint sho uld be advised for ciprofloxacin monotherapy in the hospital setting? A TDM-based retrospective perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:380—386. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl226.Bucanevea G., Castagnolab E., Viscoli C. et al. Quinolone prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile high risk neutropenic patients. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2007; 5:5—12. doi:10.1016/j.ejcsup.2007.06.002.Bow E. J. Fluoroquinolones, antimicrobial resistance and neutropenic cance r patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:545—553. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834cf054.Bow E. J. Fluoroquinolones, antimicrobial resistance and neutropenic cance r patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:545—553. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834cf054.Bow E. J. Fluoroquinolones, antimicrobial resistance and neutropenic cance r patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:545—553. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834cf054.Bow E. J. Fluoroquinolones, antimicrobial resistance and neutropenic cance r patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:545—553. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834cf054.Tumbarello M., Sanguinetti M., Montuori E. et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: importance of inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1987— 1994. doi:10.1128/AAC.01509-06.Tumbarello M., Sanguinetti M., Montuori E. et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: importance of inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1987— 1994. doi:10.1128/AAC.01509-06.Tumbarello M., Sanguinetti M., Montuori E. et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: importance of inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1987— 1994. doi:10.1128/AAC.01509-06.Tumbarello M., Sanguinetti M., Montuori E. et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: importance of inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1987— 1994. doi:10.1128/AAC.01509-06.Paterson D. L., Ko W. C., Von Gottberg A. et al. Antibiotic therapy for Klebsiell a pneumonia bacteremia: implications of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:31—37. doi:10.1086/420816.Paterson D. L., Ko W. C., Von Gottberg A. et al. Antibiotic therapy for Klebsiell a pneumonia bacteremia: implications of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:31—37. doi:10.1086/420816.Paterson D. L., Ko W. C., Von Gottberg A. et al. Antibiotic therapy for Klebsiell a pneumonia bacteremia: implications of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:31—37. doi:10.1086/420816.Paterson D. L., Ko W. C., Von Gottberg A. et al. Antibiotic therapy for Klebsiell a pneumonia bacteremia: implications of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:31—37. doi:10.1086/420816.Pea F., Poz D., Viale P. et al. Which reliable pharmacodynamics breakpoint sho uld be advised for ciprofloxacin monotherapy in the hospital setting? A TDM-based retrospective perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:380—386. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl226.Pea F., Poz D., Viale P. et al. Which reliable pharmacodynamics breakpoint sho uld be advised for ciprofloxacin monotherapy in the hospital setting? A TDM-based retrospective perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:380—386. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl226.Pea F., Poz D., Viale P. et al. Which reliable pharmacodynamics breakpoint sho uld be advised for ciprofloxacin monotherapy in the hospital setting? A TDM-based retrospective perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:380—386. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl226.Pea F., Poz D., Viale P. et al. Which reliable pharmacodynamics breakpoint sho uld be advised for ciprofloxacin monotherapy in the hospital setting? A TDM-based retrospective perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:380—386. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl226.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.