A comprehensive measures ensuring the safety of blood component transfusions

Introduction. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) are the major blood-borne infections. Donor blood components cannot be currently replaced with synthetic substitutes, which determines the necessity of improving the viral safety of blood component transfusions.

Aim. To describe a multicomponent system for monitoring the viral safety of donor blood component transfusions.

General findings. Measures ensuring the safety of blood component transfusions include the maintenance of regular communication with donors, pre-donation laboratory tests, viral screening, production, storage and clinical use of blood products, as well as monitoring of blood transfusion results. The selection of donors from low-risk behaviour groups ensures the viral safety of blood transfusion procedures at the initial stages of blood production. A necessary condition for improving the safety of transfusions is additional examination of donor blood samples for antibodies against the hepatitis B core antigen. Algorithms are described for investigating the initial occurrence of infectious markers in blood transfusion recipients, a retrospective investigation in cases where viral infection markers are identified in recurrent donors, as well as for the monitoring of the virological status of patients with blood system disorders. The implementation of these measures can increase the overall safety of blood transfusion.

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