Acute tumor lysis syndrome — an urgent multidisciplinary problem in pediatric hematology

Introduction. Acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) is a life-threatening complication of treatment in children with highly aggressive lymphomas (III–IV stages) and acute leukemias accompanied by hyperleukocytosis (above 100×10⁹/L).

Aim. To conduct a literature review on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of acute tumor lysis syndrome in pediatric diseases of the blood system.

Main findings. Data was searched in PubMed, ResearchGate and Elibrary using the keywords tumor lysis syndrome, acute tumor lysis syndrome, malignant lymphoproliferative diseases in children and malignant neoplasms in children, limited to clinical trials, original articles and reviews on individuals from birth to 18 years of age. The search criteria were met by 24 clinical trials and 38 literature reviews. ATLS was characterized by acute electrolyte and metabolic disorders, and in the absence of therapy led to multiple organ failure and death. The prevention and treatment of ALTS includes cytoreductive prephase, infusion therapy, and/or allopurinol or rasburicase. If conservative therapy proves ineffective, hemodiafi ltration is performed.

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