Гепатит Е у доноров крови: распространенность, риски посттрансфузионной инфекции и стратегия скрининга

Введение. Вирус гепатита Е (ВГЕ) передается преимущественно через контаминированные воду и  пищу, однако описаны случаи посттрансфузионной ВГЕ-инфекции (ПT-ВГЕ). ПТ-ВГЕ может представлять серьезную проблему для иммунокомпрометированных больных, таких как реципиенты гемопоэтических стволовых клеток или трансплантатов солидных органов. Риск ПT-ВГЕ связан с виремией ВГЕ у доноров, протекающей без симптомов заболевания.

Цель: обзор литературы о распространенности ВГЕ-инфекции среди доноров и рисках ПТ-ВГЕ в разных регионах, а также подходах к скринингу доноров на ВГЕ.

Основные сведения. Анализ результатов исследований, проведенных в ограниченных когортах доноров, а также данных, полученных в  реальной практике при внедрении универсального скрининга доноров, свидетельствует об актуальности тестирования доноров крови на РНК ВГЕ. Результаты исследований, проводившихся в России, отражают частоту выявления виремии ВГЕ у доноров, сопоставимую с наблюдаемой в странах, где уже внедрен универсальный скрининг доноров на РНК ВГЕ. Отсутствие в России документированных случаев ПТ-ВГЕ может быть обусловлено недостаточной доступностью диагностики гепатита Е и/или недостаточной настороженностью врачей в отношении этой инфекции.

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